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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

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Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
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Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

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A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
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Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

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The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
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Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

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Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
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Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

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Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
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Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations01:30

Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a primary health risk worldwide, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The condition arises from the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques within the coronary arteries, resulting in diminished blood supply to the heart muscle.The clinical manifestations of CAD vary widely, from asymptomatic stages to severe, life-threatening conditions. Understanding these manifestations is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management.Angina Pectoris: The Warning...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Myocardial Infarction by Percutaneous Embolization Coil Deployment in a Swine Model
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Myocardial Infarction by Percutaneous Embolization Coil Deployment in a Swine Model

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Pulmonary Infarction: An Often Unrecognized Clinical Entity.

Massimo Miniati1

  • 1Department of Expermental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis
|October 16, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Pulmonary infarction, a complication of acute pulmonary embolism, is often misdiagnosed. Understanding its peripheral, non-triangular shape and risk factors improves recognition.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary medicine
  • Radiology
  • Vascular pathology

Background:

  • Pulmonary infarction complicates nearly one-third of acute pulmonary embolism cases.
  • Infarcts are frequently misdiagnosed as pneumonia or lung cancer due to misconceptions about their shape.

Observation:

  • Pulmonary infarcts are peripherally located along the visceral pleura, not triangular.
  • Imaging reveals sharp, convex margins toward the hilum and potential hyperlucency on CT.
  • Clinical symptoms are nonspecific, with pleuritic chest pain and dyspnea being most common; hemoptysis is rare.

Findings:

  • Younger age, taller stature, and active smoking are independent predictors of infarction in acute pulmonary embolism.
  • The apical region is typically spared due to collateral blood flow.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Myocardial Infarction by Percutaneous Embolization Coil Deployment in a Swine Model
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Myocardial Infarction by Percutaneous Embolization Coil Deployment in a Swine Model

Published on: November 4, 2021

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Primary Outcome Assessment in a Pig Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction
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Primary Outcome Assessment in a Pig Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction

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Myocardial Infarction and Functional Outcome Assessment in Pigs
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Implications:

  • Accurate recognition of pulmonary infarction is crucial for diagnosing pulmonary embolism.
  • Pleural-based consolidations may be the initial sign of pulmonary embolism, necessitating prompt diagnosis.