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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

339
Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
308
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
308
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

787
As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
787
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

291
Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
291
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

303
In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults
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Prescribing for older people.

Abigail Flinders, Vidhya Nair1

  • 1Pinderfields General Hospital, Wakefield, Yorkshire.

Nursing Older People
|October 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Older adults frequently use multiple medications (polypharmacy), increasing risks and healthcare costs. Coordinated approaches are essential to address inappropriate prescribing in this population.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Pharmacology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Prescribing by nurses has significantly increased.
  • Older adults (over 60) in the UK receive 60% of dispensed prescriptions, representing over half of NHS drug costs.
  • Polypharmacy is prevalent in older individuals, with nearly 20% of those over 70 taking five or more drugs, and care home residents averaging eight medications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the issue of polypharmacy in the older population.
  • To underscore the associated risks and financial burden on the NHS.
  • To emphasize the need for coordinated approaches to prescribing in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing data on prescribing trends in the UK.
  • Analysis of medication use patterns in older adults and care home residents.

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  • Examination of the consequences of polypharmacy.

    • Main Results:

    • Nurse prescribing has risen by 50% since 2007.
    • Polypharmacy is common, leading to increased risks of adverse drug reactions, interactions, falls, and hospital admissions.
    • Inappropriate prescribing in the elderly contributes significantly to NHS costs.

    Conclusions:

    • Polypharmacy in older adults presents a substantial public health challenge.
    • The increased use of medications necessitates a coordinated approach to prescribing.
    • Addressing inappropriate prescribing is crucial for mitigating risks and reducing the financial burden on the healthcare system.