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Advancing Models and Theories for Digital Behavior Change Interventions.

Eric B Hekler1, Susan Michie2, Misha Pavel3

  • 1School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona.

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Digital behavior change interventions require models capturing individual variation. A state-space framework is proposed to personalize interventions by defining when, where, and for whom they are effective.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Science
  • Computer Science
  • Health Science
  • Engineering

Background:

  • Behavior change theories must account for individual differences and temporal dynamics to effectively inform digital interventions.
  • Current models often lack the granularity to capture the complexity of real-world behavior change.
  • Digital behavior change interventions (DBCIs) offer scalable solutions but require robust theoretical underpinnings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide recommendations for developing behavior change models and theories that integrate with and inform DBCIs.
  • To establish a framework for creating more personalized and effective digital interventions.
  • To foster interdisciplinary collaboration among scientists and engineers.

Main Methods:

  • A state-space representation framework is proposed.
  • This framework defines intervention effects based on individual state, context (when, where), and target recipient (for whom).
  • Expert discussions among behavioral, computer, and health scientists and engineers informed the framework.

Main Results:

  • The state-space representation aids in theorizing about intervention mechanisms.
  • It guides the selection of appropriate measurement, experimental design, and analysis strategies.
  • The framework aims to bridge the gap between complex human behavior and digital intervention capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • A state-space approach can enhance the precision and personalization of DBCIs.
  • This framework facilitates cross-disciplinary efforts to improve the efficacy of digital health tools.
  • Future research should focus on operationalizing and validating the state-space representation in real-world DBCIs.