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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Non Celiac Gluten Sensitivity.

Maria Teresa Bardella1,2, Luca Elli3, Francesca Ferretti3,4

  • 1Center for the Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy. mariateresa.bardella@yahoo.com.

Current Gastroenterology Reports
|October 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is a recognized gluten-related disorder, but its diagnosis and cause remain unclear. Research suggests gluten may not be the sole trigger, necessitating further investigation into triggers and diagnostic criteria for NCGS.

Keywords:
Celiac diseaseDouble-blind placebo-controlled challengeGluten-free dietIrritable bowel syndromeNon-celiac gluten sensitivityWheat sensitivity

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Nutrition Science

Background:

  • Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is increasingly recognized alongside celiac disease and wheat allergy.
  • Significant controversy surrounds the definition, prevalence, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and management of NCGS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on NCGS, summarizing evidence and highlighting existing challenges.
  • To provide practical insights for clinical approaches and suggestions for standardizing future research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on non-celiac gluten sensitivity.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria, including gluten-free diet response and double-blind placebo-controlled gluten challenges.

Main Results:

  • The direct role of gluten in NCGS onset is often unproven, with potential involvement of other dietary factors like FODMAPs or wheat amylase trypsin inhibitors.
  • Currently, no specific biomarkers or histological findings confirm NCGS diagnosis.
  • Diagnosis relies on self-reported gluten-free diet response and positive double-blind placebo-controlled gluten challenges.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to elucidate the exact triggers and establish definitive diagnostic markers for NCGS.
  • Standardized research methodologies are crucial for advancing the understanding and management of this condition.