Cathode Photoelectrochemical Immunosensing Platform Integrating Photocathode with Photoanode

Generally, photoanode-based photoelectrochemical immunoassay possesses obvious photocurrent response and lower detection limit for ideal sample detection, but it has the inherent imperfection of poor anti-interference capability for real sample detection. Photocathode-based immunoassay can well avoid the intrinsic drawback of photoanode-based immunoassay, but it has low photocurrent response resulting in less good sensitivity. Herein, a promising new cathode photoelectrochemical immunosensing platform integrating photocathode with photoanode was reported for accurate and sensitive detection of biomarkers. In this proposal, prostate-specific antigen (PSA, Ag) was chosen as a model of target analyte to exhibit the analytical performances of this platform. TiO₂/CdS:Mn hybrid structure modified indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrode served as photoanode, whereas CuInS₂ microflowers modified ITO electrode was selected as photocathode. The transducer elements of PSA antibody (Ab) were modified on photocathode to fabricate a label-free cathode immunosensing electrode. The proposed immunosensing platform possesses two distinct advantages simultaneously. First, it has good anti-interference capability for the detection of real biological samples, since the biorecognition events occurred on photocathode. Second, the photoelectrochemical system owns evident photocurrent response and low detection limit for target Ag detection thanks to the introduction of the photoanode. Moreover, the proposed immunosensing platform also exhibits good specificity, reproducibility, and stability, and meanwhile it opens up a new horizon to construct other kinds of photoelectrochemical biosensors.