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Updated: Aug 10, 2026

Characterizing Herbivore Resistance Mechanisms: Spittlebugs on Brachiaria spp. as an Example
Published on: June 19, 2011
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1RAF Institute of Pathology and Tropical Medicine, Halton, Aylesbury, Bucks, England.
Abstract:
Cinchonism is the well-known syndrome of quinine overdose involving disturbances of vision, hearing, and balance, which has occasional importance in aviation pathology, usually related to ingestion of tonic water. One study showed 100 mg of quinine taken in tonic water is sufficient to produce positional abnormalities of the electronystagmograph. Blood levels of quinine of about 0.2 mg.L-1 found at autopsy in pilots who died in aviation accidents in which positional cues seemed to be important suggest that quinine toxicity played a causative role.
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