Cross-sectional study on allergic sensitization of Austrian adolescents using molecule-based IgE profiling

Allergen-specific IgE antibodies are a hallmark of type I allergy. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the sensitization profiles of an Austrian adolescent population utilizing molecule-based IgE diagnosis.

Serum samples of 501 nonselected pupils from Salzburg, Austria, were tested in ImmunoCAP ISAC^® for IgE reactivity to 112 single allergens. Sensitization profiles were assessed and statistically coordinated with reported allergies.

In the population aged 12-21 years, 53.5% showed IgE reactivity to at least one allergen tested. The highest prevalence was found for Phl p 1 from grass pollen (26.5%), group 2 mite allergens (18.2%), Bet v 1 from birch pollen (16.3%) and Fel d 1 from cat (14.4%). The majority of participants showed a complex sensitization profile and reacted on average to 9 allergens. Pollen sensitization was highly prevalent (41.7%) and mainly driven by group I grass and PR-10 allergens of the Betulaceae family, while Pla l 1 represented the most relevant weed. Diagnosed and self-reported allergies were noted in 21.9% and 45.5% of participants, respectively, and correlated well with in vitro results. Among atopic individuals, 71.4% reported to suffer from at least one allergy; concordance was found for grass and cat sensitization, while venom- and weed pollen-positive individuals were frequently asymptomatic.

More than half of the tested adolescent population had already established an atopic status presenting a complex IgE reactivity profile dominated by pollen sensitization. Detailed molecule-based analysis allows determining relevant biomarkers and monitoring of the atopic status in populations.