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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Classical Short-Delay Eyeblink Conditioning in One-Year-Old Children

Classical Short-Delay Eyeblink Conditioning in One-Year-Old Children

Published on: September 1, 2018

Neonatal eyelid conditioning during sleep.

Amanda R Tarullo¹, Joseph R Isler², Carmen Condon³

¹Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts. atarullo@bu.edu.

Developmental Psychobiology

|October 19, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Newborn infants can learn during sleep via eyelid conditioning. This learning is more effective during quiet sleep, suggesting sleep state influences neonatal learning and potential early screening methods.

Keywords:

associative learning electrophysiology eyeblink conditioning infant neonate sleep sleep state

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Published on: August 5, 2017

Area of Science:

Developmental Psychology
Neuroscience
Sleep Science

Background:

Newborn infants demonstrate learning capabilities, even during sleep.
Previous research established eyelid conditioning as a learning paradigm in neonates.
The influence of specific sleep states on neonatal learning remains an area for investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of sleep state in neonatal learning using delay eyelid conditioning.
To determine if sleep state affects the acquisition of conditioned responses in newborns.
To build upon prior findings demonstrating learning during sleep in infants.

Main Methods:

Recording electroencephalogram (EEG), respiratory, and cardiovascular activity in sleeping full-term infants.
Employing a delay eyelid conditioning paradigm with an auditory tone paired with an air puff stimulus.
Utilizing a control group receiving unpaired tones and air puffs to assess conditioning specificity.

Main Results:

Newborn infants in the experimental group showed significantly increased EMR rates to a tone alone after conditioning (more than doubled).
The control group maintained low EMR rates, indicating the learned response was specific to the paired stimulus.
Infant learners were more likely to exhibit conditioned EMRs during quiet sleep compared to active sleep.

Conclusions:

Newborn infants reliably learn through delay eyelid conditioning during sleep.
Quiet sleep appears to be a more conducive state for the expression of conditioned responses in neonates.
Findings suggest that eyelid conditioning, considering sleep state, may have potential applications for early developmental screening.