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Investigation of the Dynamic Contact Angle Using a Direct Numerical Simulation Method.

Guangpu Zhu1, Jun Yao1, Lei Zhang1

  • 1School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao 266580, China.

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Summary

This study introduces a critical capillary number to determine when dynamic contact angle models are needed for simulating oil slug flow in reservoirs. This avoids unnecessary complex simulations at low capillary numbers, improving efficiency.

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Area of Science:

  • Petroleum Engineering
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Computational Science

Background:

  • Residual oil remains trapped in reservoirs after water flooding, necessitating improved recovery techniques.
  • Numerical simulations are crucial for understanding oil slug flow mechanisms and enhancing flooding efficiency.
  • Dynamic contact angle models are often used but may be computationally expensive and unnecessary in certain conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a critical capillary number threshold for incorporating dynamic contact angle models in oil slug flow simulations.
  • To optimize numerical simulations by avoiding unnecessary complexity when dynamic effects are negligible.
  • To provide a practical guideline for researchers and engineers in reservoir simulation.

Main Methods:

  • Direct numerical simulation (DNS) was employed to model oil slug flow in a capillary tube at the pore scale.
  • The phase-field method was utilized to accurately track the oil-water interface.
  • Simulations compared dynamic contact angle models with static contact angle (SCA) to quantify relative errors.

Main Results:

  • A critical capillary number was determined based on a 5% relative error threshold between dynamic and static contact angle simulations.
  • The study analyzed factors influencing dynamic contact angles and their impact on meniscus displacement.
  • A 3D universal chart and a fitting formula were developed to guide the selection of dynamic contact angle models based on capillary number, static contact angle, and viscosity ratio.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic contact angle models are not always necessary for simulating oil slug flow, particularly at low capillary numbers.
  • The proposed critical capillary number and associated chart provide a valuable tool for efficient and accurate reservoir simulations.
  • The findings contribute to optimizing enhanced oil recovery strategies through informed numerical modeling choices.