Mean population salt consumption in India: a systematic review
Claire Johnson1, Devarsetty Praveen, Alun Pope
1aThe George Institute for Global Health, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia bThe George Institute for Global Health India, Hyderabad, India cThe University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia dThe INCLEN Trust International, New Delhi, India eImperial College London, London, UK fRoyal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
Journal of Hypertension
|October 19, 2016
Summary
Indian adults consume significantly more salt than recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). This meta-analysis highlights the urgent need for public health interventions to reduce population salt intake and prevent noncommunicable diseases.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Nutrition Science
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Member states of the World Health Organization (WHO), including India, have committed to a 30% reduction in mean population salt consumption by 2025.
- This target aims to prevent noncommunicable diseases, a major global health concern.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize existing data on mean salt consumption in India.
- To support the WHO's initiative for salt reduction.
Main Methods:
- A systematic search of electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane) was conducted up to November 2015.
- Studies reporting mean or median dietary salt intake in Indian adults (aged 19+) were included.
- Random effects meta-analysis was employed to determine summary estimates of salt intake.
Main Results:
- Twenty-one studies (18 cross-sectional, 2 randomized trials, 1 case-control) involving over 225,000 participants were analyzed.
- Reported mean salt consumption levels ranged from 5.22 to 42.30 g/day.
- The overall mean weighted salt intake, excluding an outlier, was 10.98 g/day, significantly exceeding the WHO recommendation of 5 g/day.
Conclusions:
- While exact figures may vary due to methodological differences, population salt consumption in India substantially exceeds the WHO-recommended maximum.
- Urgent public health strategies are needed to address high salt intake and mitigate risks of noncommunicable diseases.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
02:02Responses to Salt Stress
14.9K
Salt stress—which can be triggered by high salt concentrations in a plant’s environment—can significantly affect plant growth and crop production by influencing photosynthesis and the absorption of water and nutrients.
14.9K
01:12Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data
893
Analysis of population pharmacokinetic data involves studying the behavior of drugs within diverse populations to understand their pharmacokinetic parameters. Traditional pharmacokinetic methods typically involve collecting samples from a few individuals and estimating these parameters. While these methods are commonly used, they have limitations in capturing the variability in drug response among individuals or heterogeneous populations. Population pharmacokinetics is employed to address these...
893
01:25Regulation of Water Intake
3.0K
Osmolality refers to the number of solute particles per kilogram of solvent in a solution. Plasma osmolality specifically indicates the total number of solute particles per kilogram of water in blood plasma. This value reflects the body's hydration status and is tightly regulated through mechanisms controlling water intake and output. While water consumption is a conscious decision, the body has intrinsic regulatory systems to maintain fluid balance. Dehydration, a state of water deficit...
3.0K
00:55Convenience Sampling Method
11.9K
Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population.
Convenience sampling is a non-random method of sample selection; this method selects individuals that are easily accessible and may result in biased data. For example, a marketing...
Convenience sampling is a non-random method of sample selection; this method selects individuals that are easily accessible and may result in biased data. For example, a marketing...
11.9K
04:08Determining the pH of Salt Solutions
49.1K
The pH of a salt solution is determined by its component anions and cations. Salts that contain pH-neutral anions and the hydronium ion-producing cations form a solution with a pH less than 7. For example, in ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) solution, NO3− ions do not react with water whereas NH4+ ions produce the hydronium ions resulting in the acidic solution. In contrast, salts that contain pH-neutral cations and the hydroxide ion-producing anions form a solution with a pH greater than 7. For...
49.1K
01:01Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters
246
It is not uncommon for complete drug pharmacokinetic profiles to remain elusive in pharmacokinetics. This necessitates certain educated assumptions by pharmacokineticists to determine appropriate dosage regimens without comprehensive pharmacokinetic data from animal or human studies. One prevalent assumption is setting the bioavailability factor, denoted as F, to 1 or 100%. This assumption caters to the scenario where a drug doesn't achieve full systemic absorption, resulting in the patient...
246