Risk of defeats in the central nervous system during deep space missions

Space flight factors (SFF) significantly affect the operating activity of astronauts during deep space missions. Gravitational overloads, hypo-magnetic field and ionizing radiation are the main SFF that perturb the normal activity of the central nervous system (CNS). Acute and chronic CNS risks include alterations in cognitive abilities, reduction of motor functions and behavioural changes. Multiple experimental works have been devoted to the SFF effects on integrative functional activity of the brain; however, the model parameters utilized have not always been ideal and consistent. Even less is known regarding the combined effects of these SFF in a real interplanetary mission, for example to Mars. Our review aims to systemize and analyse the last advancements in astrobiology, with a focus on the combined effects of SFF; as well as to discuss on unification of the parameters for ground-based models of deep space missions.