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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates Age-Exacerbated Illness
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Vitamin E administration may decrease the incidence of pneumonia in elderly males.

Harri Hemilä1

  • 1Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

Clinical Interventions in Aging
|October 21, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Vitamin E supplementation significantly reduced pneumonia incidence in male smokers, particularly those who exercised. This suggests a potential benefit of vitamin E for respiratory health in specific populations.

Keywords:
antioxidantsexerciserandomized controlled trialrespiratory tract infectionssmoking

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Immunology
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Vitamin E's immunomodulatory effects are established in laboratory and animal studies.
  • Previous human studies on vitamin E and pneumonia risk showed inconsistent results.
  • Investigating age-dependent effects of vitamin E on pneumonia is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the impact of vitamin E supplementation on pneumonia risk in elderly male smokers.
  • To determine if the effect of vitamin E on pneumonia varies by smoking habits and exercise levels.
  • To examine the age-specific benefits of vitamin E in preventing pneumonia.

Main Methods:

  • Secondary analysis of the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention study (1985-1993).
  • Inclusion of male smokers aged 50-69 at baseline, with a minimum smoking history.
  • Intervention involved daily vitamin E (50 mg/d) for 5-8 years, with pneumonia incidence as the primary outcome.

Main Results:

  • Vitamin E reduced pneumonia incidence by 69% in male smokers who smoked 5-19 cigarettes/day and exercised.
  • A 72% reduction in pneumonia incidence was observed in participants who quit smoking, regardless of baseline smoking intensity or exercise.
  • Among those smoking ≥20 cigarettes/day or not exercising, vitamin E showed a 14% lower incidence, though not statistically significant.

Conclusions:

  • Vitamin E demonstrates a strong protective effect against pneumonia in elderly male smokers, especially in subgroups with specific lifestyle factors.
  • The complex and varied findings underscore the need for further research.
  • Future studies should focus on vitamin E's role in non-smoking elderly males.