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Entropy02:39

Entropy

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Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
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The first law of thermodynamics is quantitatively formulated via an equation relating the internal energy of a system, the heat exchanged by it, and the work done on it. A quantitative formulation of the second law of thermodynamics leads to defining a state function, the entropy.
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Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:26

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Consider an isolated system in which a hot object is placed in contact with a cold one. This is an irreversible process that eventually leads both objects to reach the same equilibrium temperature. It is crucial to note that the constituents of any substance exhibit increased disorder at higher temperatures. As a cold substance absorbs heat, its constituents become more disordered. The energy transfer from a hotter object to a cooler one increases the system's disorder or randomness. This...
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Stability of Equilibrium Configuration01:23

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Understanding the stability of equilibrium configurations is a fundamental part of mechanical engineering. In any system, there are three distinct types of equilibrium: stable, neutral, and unstable.
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Random or indeterminate errors originate from various uncontrollable variables, such as variations in environmental conditions, instrument imperfections, or the inherent variability of the phenomena being measured. Usually, these errors cannot be predicted, estimated, or characterized because their direction and magnitude often vary in magnitude and direction even during consecutive measurements. As a result, they are difficult to eliminate. However, the aggregate effect of these errors can be...
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An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
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Metadisorder for designer light in random systems.

Sunkyu Yu1, Xianji Piao1, Jiho Hong1

  • 1Photonic Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.

Science Advances
|October 21, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We introduce "metadisorder" to engineer wave transport in disordered optical systems. This novel approach allows for control over wave localization and enables unprecedented functionalities, challenging existing paradigms in wave physics.

Keywords:
Anderson localizationDisorderbeam steeringchiralityinvisibilitymetamaterialnetworkorbital angular momentumrandom-walk potentialwave transport

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Area of Science:

  • Wave physics
  • Complex networks
  • Optical systems

Background:

  • Disorder critically influences signal transport in complex networks.
  • In wave physics, disordered potentials typically suppress wave transport due to localized eigenstates and multiple scattering paths.
  • Previous studies focused on disorder-tuned localization, but complete delocalization in highly disordered systems remained unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and demonstrate the concept of "metadisorder" for engineering wave transport in randomly coupled optical systems.
  • To show that eigenstates can be arbitrarily molded regardless of disorder by adjusting element self-energy.
  • To achieve ordered waves and explore novel functionalities in disordered systems.

Main Methods:

  • Introducing "metadisorder" in randomly coupled optical systems.
  • Engineering eigenstates by adjusting the self-energy of each element.
  • Analyzing wave transport and localization phenomena.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated arbitrary molding of eigenstates in randomly coupled systems, irrespective of disorder.
  • Achieved ordered waves, including plane waves and globally collective resonances.
  • Devised counterintuitive functionalities: small-world-like transport, phase-conserving disorder, and phase-controlled beam steering.

Conclusions:

  • Metadisorder offers a new paradigm for controlling wave localization in disordered systems.
  • This approach enables the engineering of desired wave forms and novel transport phenomena.
  • The findings challenge the conventional understanding of disorder effects in wave physics.