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Related Concept Videos

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

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Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
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Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

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Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
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Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

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Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
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Bone Remodeling01:40

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

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Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
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Endochondral Priming: A Developmental Engineering Strategy for Bone Tissue Regeneration.

Fiona E Freeman1, Laoise M McNamara1

  • 1Centre for Biomechanics Research (BMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland .

Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews
|October 21, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Developmental engineering mimics natural bone growth to improve tissue regeneration. This approach, focusing on cartilage template formation and vascularization, shows promise for treating large bone defects without grafts.

Keywords:
3D cell culturebonemesenchymal stem cellstissue development and growth

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Conventional bone tissue engineering faces limitations like scaffold degradation and lack of vascularization, hindering clinical use for large bone defects.
  • Developmental engineering, simulating in vivo bone formation, offers a novel paradigm for enhancing cell differentiation and matrix production.
  • Existing developmental engineering strategies often mimic specific aspects of endochondral ossification but lack comprehensive understanding and comparison to traditional methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present experimental findings on an endochondral-based developmental engineering strategy for bone tissue regeneration.
  • To critically compare developmental engineering approaches with standard biomaterial-based bone tissue engineering.
  • To highlight experimental challenges in exploiting endochondral ossification for clinical bone defect treatment.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro simulation of endochondral ossification processes, including cartilage template formation and vascularization.
  • Evaluation of mineralization and vascularization promoted by developmental engineering strategies.
  • Comparative analysis of developmental engineering versus conventional biomaterial-based approaches.

Main Results:

  • In vitro approaches mimicking endochondral ossification (cartilage template formation, vascularization) promote mineralization and vascularization.
  • Developmental engineering strategies show potential for promoting bone regeneration in vitro and in vivo.
  • The study establishes a foundation for understanding and advancing endochondral ossification-based regenerative strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Mimicking key aspects of endochondral ossification in vitro can enhance bone regeneration.
  • Developmental engineering holds significant potential for treating large bone defects and nonunions.
  • Overcoming specific experimental challenges is crucial for translating these findings into clinical applications, potentially eliminating the need for bone grafts.