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[Titanium nitride cardiac pacemaker electrodes].

M Schaldach, M Hubmann, R Hardt

    Biomedizinische Technik. Biomedical Engineering
    |July 1, 1989
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Titanium-nitride coated pacemaker electrodes significantly improve sensing performance by optimizing signal detection and reducing noise interference. These advanced electrodes offer superior acute and chronic performance compared to traditional smooth metallic surfaces.

    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Pacemaker electrode performance is limited by electrochemical properties and smooth surfaces, causing suboptimal signal detection.
    • Interference from noise (EMI, muscle potentials) necessitates improved signal filtering for reliable pacemaker function.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the sensing and pacing performance of titanium-nitride (TiN) coated electrodes.
    • To compare TiN electrodes with conventional smooth metallic electrodes for pacemaker applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Sputter-deposition of TiN coatings onto electrode surfaces.
    • Characterization of electrochemical properties and surface microstructure.
    • Assessment of acute and chronic sensing and pacing thresholds in vivo.

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    Main Results:

    • TiN coated electrodes exhibit improved sensing performance due to their micro-crystalline surface structure and enhanced ionic exchange kinetics.
    • Significantly better acute pacing thresholds were observed with TiN electrodes compared to smooth metallic surfaces.
    • These performance benefits were maintained in chronic implants, attributed to the biocompatibility of titanium.

    Conclusions:

    • Titanium-nitride coated electrodes represent a superior alternative to conventional pacemaker electrodes.
    • The enhanced electrochemical and surface properties of TiN electrodes lead to improved sensing and pacing efficacy.
    • TiN electrodes offer a promising advancement for implantable cardiac electronic devices.