Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Lewis Structures of Molecular Compounds and Polyatomic Ions02:54

Lewis Structures of Molecular Compounds and Polyatomic Ions

47.6K
To draw Lewis structures for complicated molecules and molecular ions, it is helpful to follow a step-by-step procedure as outlined:
47.6K
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

21.9K
The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
21.9K
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods

1.8K
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the...
1.8K
Atomic Spectroscopy: Effects of Temperature01:27

Atomic Spectroscopy: Effects of Temperature

1.0K
Atomization, converting samples into gas-phase atoms and ions, is essential for atomic spectroscopy. The flame temperature required for atomization affects the efficiency of the atomic spectroscopic methods by increasing the atomization efficiency and the relative population of the excited and ground states.
At thermal equilibrium, the relative populations of excited and ground state atoms can be estimated using the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. For example, an increase in temperature...
1.0K
Molecular Orbital Theory II03:51

Molecular Orbital Theory II

28.2K
Molecular Orbital Energy Diagrams
28.2K
Kinetic Theory of an Ideal Gas01:12

Kinetic Theory of an Ideal Gas

5.2K
A mole is defined as the amount of any substance that contains as many molecules as there are atoms in exactly 12 grams of carbon-12. An Italian scientist Amedeo Avogadro (1776–1856) formed the  hypothesis that equal volumes of gas at equal pressure and temperature contain equal numbers of molecules, independent of the type of gas. Later, the hypothesis was developed to form the SI unit for measuring the amount of any substance.
The number of molecules in one mole is called...
5.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

High Compression Blue-Detuned Magneto-Optical Trap of Polyatomic Molecules.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Parity-doublet coherence times in optically trapped polyatomic molecules.

Nature·2026
Same author

Control of Dipolar Dynamics by Geometrical Programming.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

A conveyor-belt magneto-optical trap of CaF.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Hyperfine-Resolved Spectroscopy of Dysprosium Monoxide (DyO).

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2025
Same author

Magneto-Optical Trapping of a Heavy Polyatomic Molecule for Precision Measurement.

Physical review letters·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
11:21

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Published on: March 30, 2017

7.9K

Proposal for Laser Cooling of Complex Polyatomic Molecules.

Ivan Kozyryev1,2, Louis Baum1,2, Kyle Matsuda1,2

  • 1Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.

Chemphyschem : a European Journal of Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry
|November 4, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Direct laser cooling of large molecules is now feasible. Attaching a metal atom creates a photon cycling site, enabling cooling for complex molecules and molecular beams.

Keywords:
complex moleculeslaser coolingmicro-kelvin temperaturesphoton cyclingpolyatomic molecules

More Related Videos

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization
08:22

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization

Published on: August 6, 2018

7.4K
Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation
10:52

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

Published on: February 4, 2017

10.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
11:21

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Published on: March 30, 2017

7.9K
Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization
08:22

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization

Published on: August 6, 2018

7.4K
Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation
10:52

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

Published on: February 4, 2017

10.3K

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Molecular Physics
  • Laser Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Direct laser cooling has been limited to smaller molecules.
  • Complex polyatomic molecules are challenging to cool using traditional methods.
  • New strategies are needed for efficient molecular cooling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an experimentally feasible strategy for direct laser cooling of polyatomic molecules with six or more atoms.
  • To enable laser cooling of complex molecules by introducing a photon cycling site.
  • To explore applications in cooling chiral molecules and slowing molecular beams.

Main Methods:

  • Attaching a metal atom to a complex molecule to serve as an active photon cycling site.
  • Developing a laser cooling scheme for alkaline earth monoalkoxide free radicals.
  • Utilizing phase space compression of a cryogenic buffer-gas beam.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of a viable method for laser cooling of large polyatomic molecules.
  • Identification of metal atoms as effective photon cycling centers for molecular cooling.
  • Successful application of cryogenic buffer-gas beams for enhanced cooling.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed strategy offers a breakthrough for laser cooling of complex molecules.
  • This method opens possibilities for manipulating and studying large molecules with unprecedented precision.
  • Potential applications include advanced molecular beam manipulation and laser cooling of chiral molecules.