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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability
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A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability

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An Algorithm for Diagnosing and Treating Primary and Recurrent Patellar Instability.

Robert A Duerr1, Aakash Chauhan, Darren A Frank

  • 1Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

JBJS Reviews
|October 21, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recurrent patellar instability is linked to anatomic factors like trochlear dysplasia. Treatment ranges from nonoperative care for first-time dislocations to surgical repair, including medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction, tailored to individual patient needs.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Biomechanics
  • Sports medicine

Background:

  • Patellar instability is a common orthopedic condition.
  • Recurrent dislocations can significantly impact patient quality of life.
  • Anatomic abnormalities are frequently associated with patellar instability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the major anatomic risk factors for recurrent patellar instability.
  • To discuss current treatment strategies for acute and recurrent patellar instability.
  • To emphasize the individualized approach required for surgical management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on patellar instability.
  • Analysis of anatomic risk factors.
  • Evaluation of nonoperative and operative treatment modalities.

Main Results:

  • Key anatomic risk factors include trochlear dysplasia, patella alta, lateralized tibial tuberosity, and medial patellofemoral ligament insufficiency.
  • Nonoperative treatment is suitable for acute, first-time dislocations without osteochondral injury.
  • Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction is common for recurrent cases, with osseous procedures for severe abnormalities.

Conclusions:

  • Patellar instability management requires addressing specific anatomic factors.
  • Treatment decisions, particularly surgical interventions, must be individualized.
  • A comprehensive understanding of biomechanics and anatomy is crucial for successful outcomes.