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Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...

Histone Modification

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...

Histone Modification

Histone Modification

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images

Published on: September 7, 2017

A new timepiece: an epigenetic mitotic clock.

Brock C Christensen^1,2, Karl T Kelsey^3,4

¹Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.

|October 21, 2016

Summary

Researchers developed a novel mitotic clock using DNA methylation. This tool aids cancer epigenetics research by providing a mathematical approach applicable to various human cell types.

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Area of Science:

Epigenetics
Cellular Biology
Computational Biology

Background:

DNA methylation is crucial for cellular functions and is commonly altered in cancer.
Accurate methods are needed to study epigenetic changes during the cell cycle.
Existing tools may not fully capture the complexity of epigenetic regulation in cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a new mitotic clock for assessing cell division timing.
To integrate DNA methylation patterns into a mathematical model for cell cycle analysis.
To provide a novel tool for cancer epigenetics research.

Main Methods:

Development of a novel mitotic clock algorithm.
Incorporation of DNA methylation data common across human cell types.
Application of mathematical modeling to mitotic progression.

Main Results:

The new mitotic clock accurately reflects cell division timing.
The mathematical approach effectively utilizes DNA methylation biology.
The tool demonstrates utility in cancer epigenetics studies.

Conclusions:

A new, versatile mitotic clock has been established.
The integration of DNA methylation offers a powerful approach for cell cycle research.
This tool enhances the study of cancer epigenetics.