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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Histone Modification02:32

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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What is Population Genetics?01:25

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A population is composed of members of the same species that simultaneously live and interact in the same area. When individuals in a population breed, they pass down their genes to their offspring. Many of these genes are polymorphic, meaning that they occur in multiple variants. Such variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. The collective set of all the alleles within a population is known as the gene pool.
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Updated: Mar 13, 2026

A Semiautomated ChIP-Seq Procedure for Large-scale Epigenetic Studies
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The framework for population epigenetic study.

Linna Zhao, Di Liu, Jing Xu

    Briefings in Bioinformatics
    |October 21, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Population genetics frameworks now extend to epigenetics, enabling population epigenetics studies. DNA methylation disequilibrium (MD) maps reveal similarities between European (CEU) and African (YRI) populations, advancing complex disease research.

    Keywords:
    DNA methylationSMPepigenome-wide association studypopulation epigeneticspopulation geneticssingle methylation polymorphism

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    Area of Science:

    • Population Epigenetics
    • Computational Biology
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Understanding DNA methylation patterns at a population level is currently limited.
    • Classical population genetics concepts like allele frequency and linkage disequilibrium (LD) have not been fully applied to epigenetics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To extend the framework of population genetics to the field of population epigenetics.
    • To compare DNA methylation disequilibrium (MD) maps between two distinct populations: CEU (European ancestry) and YRI (Yoruba).

    Main Methods:

    • Adapted population genetics metrics (allele frequency, LD, haplotype) for epigenetic analysis.
    • Analyzed single methylation polymorphism (SMP) allele frequency, association, MD, MD blocks, and methylation haplotype (meplotype) frequencies.
    • Compared MD maps between HapMap CEU and YRI lymphoblastoid cell lines.

    Main Results:

    • CEU and YRI populations exhibited similar distributions of SMP allele frequencies.
    • A significant overlap was observed in shared MD block regions between the two populations.
    • The study successfully applied population genetics frameworks to epigenetic data.

    Conclusions:

    • The framework of population genetics is applicable to population epigenetics.
    • Population epigenetic studies can reveal inter-population similarities and differences in DNA methylation.
    • This approach holds promise for complex disease research, including epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS).