Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

What is Climate?

What is Climate?

Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.

Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment

Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment

Flood risk assessment involves careful planning and analysis to ensure the safety of communities near water retention structures. Capacity contours are a vital tool in this process, as they illustrate the potential spread of water at specific levels in a given area. In the context of building a bund across a small valley, these contours play a critical role in evaluating the safety of nearby residential areas.In this example, the bund is intended to store stormwater in the valley. The engineers...

Hazard Rate

Hazard Rate

The hazard rate, also known as the hazard function or failure rate, is a statistical measure used to describe the instantaneous rate at which an event occurs, given that the event has not yet happened. From a probabilistic perspective, it represents the likelihood that a subject will experience the event in a very small time interval, conditional on surviving up to the beginning of that interval. In terms of frequency, the hazard rate can be viewed as the ratio of the number of events to the...

Global Climate Change

Global Climate Change

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.

Relative Risk

Relative Risk

Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...

What is Weather?

What is Weather?

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Bayesian semi-parametric approaches to normal/independent and elliptical distributions.

Journal of applied statistics·2026

Same author

Advancing IR Laser Thermography in Composites via Thermal Analysis-Informed Machine Learning.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026

Same author

Experimental investigation of process parameters and mechanical properties in robotic large-scale polymer 3D printing.

Scientific reports·2025

Same author

Chemical emissions from offshore wind farms: From identification to challenges in impact assessment and regulation.

Marine pollution bulletin·2025

Same author

Nature-Inspired Designs in Wind Energy: A Review.

Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)·2024

Same author

Research priorities for global food security under extreme events.

One earth (Cambridge, Mass.)·2022

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model

An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model

Published on: September 16, 2022

A New Time-varying Concept of Risk in a Changing Climate.

Ali Sarhadi¹, María Concepción Ausín², Michael P Wiper²

¹Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L-3G1, Canada.

Scientific Reports

|October 21, 2016

Summary

Climate change is altering extreme weather events, making traditional stationary risk assessments unreliable for infrastructure. A new adaptive, time-varying risk framework is essential for robust design in a changing environment.

More Related Videos

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Published on: March 31, 2023

Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework

Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework

Published on: July 24, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 13, 2026

An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model

An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model

Published on: September 16, 2022

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Published on: March 31, 2023

Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework

Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework

Published on: July 24, 2016

Area of Science:

Environmental science
Climate science
Risk assessment

Background:

Anthropogenic global warming is causing significant changes in the frequency and intensity of extreme climatic events.
Current risk assessment methods often rely on stationary assumptions, which are increasingly invalidated by climate variability.
This discrepancy poses risks to the reliability of infrastructure, particularly water systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the limitations of stationary-based risk methods in the context of a changing climate.
To introduce and advocate for a new adaptive, multi-dimensional time-varying risk framework.
To improve the resilience and reliability of infrastructure design and water system management.

Main Methods:

Comparative analysis of existing multi-dimensional stationary risk frameworks against observed climate changes.
Development of a generalized time-varying risk concept.
Application of the new concept to infrastructure design strategies.

Main Results:

Existing multi-dimensional stationary risk frameworks are inadequate for projecting future extreme climate behaviors.
Static, stationary-based multivariate risk methods can lead to undesirable outcomes in water system infrastructure design.
The proposed time-varying risk concept demonstrates applicability to stochastic multi-dimensional systems.

Conclusions:

The static stationary concept is obsolete for risk assessment in changing environments.
A flexible, multi-dimensional time-varying risk framework is necessary for updated infrastructure design.
The generalized time-varying risk concept offers a robust approach for systems influenced by environmental change.