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Paediatric ocular and adnexal injuries requiring hospitalisation in Western Australia
Anne-Marie E Yardley1,2,3, Annette K Hoskin1,3, Kate Hanman1,2
1Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Insights
Paediatric ocular and adnexal injuries are common hospital admissions, with younger children and open-globe injuries leading to poorer visual outcomes. Identifying risk factors is key to developing effective eye safety strategies for children.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Pediatric Trauma
- Public Health
Background:
- Ocular and adnexal injuries are significant causes of hospitalisation in children.
- Understanding injury characteristics and outcomes is crucial for prevention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the characteristics and outcomes of paediatric ocular and adnexal injuries requiring hospitalisation.
- To identify risk factors associated with poor visual outcomes in paediatric eye trauma.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of hospital admissions for ocular and/or adnexal trauma in children (2002-2013).
- Analysis of demographic data, injury details, management, follow-up, and final visual acuity.
- Ordinal logistic regression used to determine factors influencing visual outcomes.
Main Results:
- 482 children admitted over 12 years (average 40/year); mean age 7.1 years; male predominance (2.6:1).
- Injuries included 185 closed-globe, 72 open-globe, and 293 adnexal; 14% had combined injuries.
- Younger children (≤5 years) were most susceptible; 82% achieved visual acuity ≥6/12.
- Factors linked to poor vision: younger age, open-globe injury, and lens injury.
Conclusions:
- Paediatric ocular and adnexal trauma represent a substantial burden on healthcare services.
- Identifying specific risk factors is essential for developing targeted injury prevention strategies.
- Promoting eye safety in children can be enhanced through understanding these risk factors.
Background:
The aim was to investigate the characteristics and outcomes of ocular and adnexal injuries requiring hospitalisation in children in Perth, Western Australia.
Methods:
This is a hospital-based retrospective review of children admitted to Princess Margaret Hospital for Children with diagnoses of ocular and/or adnexal trauma from 2002-2013. Hospital charts were reviewed for demographic information, injury and management details, follow-up and visual outcome. Final visual acuity was categorised into three groups: 6/12 or better, from 6/12 to 6/60, worse than 6/60. Ordinal logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios and predicted probabilities for each category of final visual outcome.
Results:
Over the 12-year time period, 482 children were admitted with ocular or adnexal injuries - an average of 40 admissions per year. The mean age of the cohort was 7.1 years (range 0.09 to 16.47 years) with a male to female ratio of 2.6:1.0. There were 185 closed-globe injuries, 72 open-globe injuries and 293 adnexal injuries. Fourteen per cent of the cohort sustained a combined globe and adnexal injury. Children in the up to five-year age group were most susceptible to injury. Eighty-two per cent of the group had a final visual acuity of 6/12 or better. Factors associated with poor visual outcomes included younger age (p < 0.01), open-globe injury (p < 0.01) and lens injury (p < 0.01).
Conclusions:
Based on the outcomes of our review, paediatric ocular and adnexal trauma are significant causes for hospital attendance in childhood. Identifying associated risk factors will help develop injury prevention strategies to promote eye safety for children.
