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Related Concept Videos

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

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Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
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Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems01:26

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Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...
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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Glaucoma: Overview01:25

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Slow-release Drug Delivery through Elvax 40W to the Rat Retina: Implications for the Treatment of Chronic Conditions
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Sustained drug delivery for glaucoma: current data and future trends.

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New sustained drug delivery systems offer promising alternatives for managing ocular hypertension and glaucoma. These innovative treatments aim to reduce the daily burden of eye drop administration for patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Glaucoma Research

Background:

  • Ocular hypertension and glaucomatous optic neuropathy require long-term management.
  • Current treatment relies heavily on daily eye drop instillation, posing adherence challenges.
  • Sustained drug delivery systems are emerging as a significant advancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging sustained drug delivery platforms for glaucoma treatment.
  • To summarize initial findings on their efficacy and safety.
  • To explore their potential impact on the glaucoma treatment paradigm.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of reported initial results for novel drug delivery systems.
  • Analysis of various delivery strategies including ocular inserts, punctal plugs, eluting contact lenses, and intraocular implants.
  • Evaluation of efficacy and safety data from published studies.

Main Results:

  • Several sustained drug delivery systems are nearing availability, including bimatoprost ocular inserts, travoprost/latanoprost punctal plugs, latanoprost-eluting contact lenses, and bimatoprost/travoprost intraocular implants.
  • These systems utilize diverse ocular implantation sites and hypotensive agents with varying durations of efficacy.
  • Initial efficacy and safety outcomes for these devices are reported as favorable.

Conclusions:

  • The landscape of glaucoma treatment is evolving with the advent of sustained drug delivery.
  • Multiple new options are expected soon, simplifying chronic therapy for intraocular pressure management.
  • These innovations promise to alleviate the daily burden associated with glaucoma medication adherence.