Evaluation of Prognostic Factors Associated With Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma With Pulmonary Metastasis

Because one of the major sites for metastasis of thyroid cancers is the lung, studying the pattern of pulmonary metastasis may provide useful information for the effective treatment of these patients. In this study, by assessing the metastasis pattern, we aimed to identify the factors that may affect prognosis and response to treatment in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) with pulmonary metastasis.

This retrospective study included 75 patients with DTC with pulmonary metastasis who were referred to our nuclear medicine section over a period of 10 years. The data obtained were analyzed with regard to response to treatment to assess the effects of the included factors on prognosis.

Of the 1746 patients referred to our section, 75 (4.3%) had pulmonary metastasis. According to the pattern of pulmonary metastasis, they were divided into 4 groups: nodular, diffuse, combined, and other. The mean age of the patients was 43.8 ± 18.5 years. After the follow-up, 58 patients survived, 14 of whom responded to the treatment. The mean number of radioiodine therapy sessions that the patients received was 3.2 ± 2, and the mean cumulative dose was 554.7 ± 387.8 mCi. Statistical analysis of the data revealed that there was no significant difference in the response to treatment between patients with different patterns of pulmonary metastasis (P > 0.3). However, significant differences were reported in the response to treatment between patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma and those with follicular thyroid carcinoma (P < 0.03). The 1-, 5-, and 9-year survival rates were reported as 98%, 76%, and 51%, respectively.

Patients with DTC with pulmonary metastasis have a relatively favorable prognosis and response rate, as well as longer survival. The type of DTC is the only factor that affects the response to treatment.