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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

11.1K
Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
11.1K
Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

5.3K
Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
5.3K
Preclinical Development: Overview01:28

Preclinical Development: Overview

6.3K
Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
6.3K
Blinding01:11

Blinding

4.0K
Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
4.0K
Hazard Ratio01:12

Hazard Ratio

683
The hazard ratio (HR) is a widely used measure in clinical trials to compare the risk of events, such as death or disease recurrence, between two groups over time. It reflects the ratio of hazard rates—the instantaneous risk of the event occurring—between a treatment group and a control group. This measure provides valuable insights into the relative effectiveness of a treatment by assessing how the risk of an event differs between the two groups.
For example, in a clinical trial...
683
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

519
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
519

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A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition
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Introduction to Clinical Forum.

Laura W Kretschmer1

  • 1University of Cincinnati, OH.

Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools
|October 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

This forum addresses communication and literacy development in deaf or hard-of-hearing children. It emphasizes qualitative research for practical solutions in education and intervention strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Education
  • Linguistics
  • Audiology

Background:

  • Focuses on the challenges in developing communication and literacy skills for school-age children who are deaf or hard of hearing.
  • Highlights the need for renewed discussion on critical aspects of educational support for these students.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-examine and stimulate conversation on key issues impacting deaf and hard-of-hearing children's educational and communicative development.
  • To explore effective strategies and best practices within educational settings.

Main Methods:

  • The article introduces a forum that discusses various topics related to the education of deaf and hard-of-hearing students.
  • Qualitative research methods are highlighted as beneficial for generating practical insights.

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E-Patient Counseling Trial E-PACO: Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy
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Main Results:

  • The forum covers essential topics including teacher talk, communication assessment, mainstreaming best practices, discourse for intervention, sign language choices, and supporting at-risk students.
  • Discussion aims to provide actionable information for educators and clinicians.

Conclusions:

  • Qualitative research offers valuable, localized answers for clinicians and teachers working with deaf or hard-of-hearing students.
  • The forum's discussions are intended to inform and improve educational practices and interventions.