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Overview, Definitions, and Goals for ASHA's Treatment Outcomes and Clinical Trials Activities (What Difference Do
1American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, Rockville, MD.
Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools
|October 1, 1998
Summary
This article clarifies the distinctions between treatment efficacy and effectiveness. It explores clinical trials and outcomes studies, offering school-based examples for the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association.
Area of Science:
- Speech-language pathology research methodologies.
- Evidence-based practice in education.
Background:
- Distinguishing between treatment efficacy and effectiveness is crucial for clinical decision-making.
- Understanding research designs informs the application of interventions in real-world settings.
Purpose of the Study:
- To delineate the differences between efficacy and effectiveness in clinical research.
- To describe clinical trials and outcomes studies for measuring these concepts.
- To present school-based applications and the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's (ASHA) role.
Main Methods:
- Comparative analysis of efficacy and effectiveness research.
- Description of clinical trials and outcomes study designs.
- Case examples illustrating research application in school settings.
Main Results:
- Efficacy research (clinical trials) demonstrates treatment effects under controlled conditions.
- Effectiveness research (outcomes studies) assesses treatment impact in typical practice settings.
- Both designs offer valuable insights for school-based speech-language interventions.
Conclusions:
- Clear understanding of efficacy and effectiveness research is vital for evidence-based practice in schools.
- Clinical trials and outcomes studies provide complementary data for evaluating interventions.
- ASHA's engagement supports the appropriate use of these research designs in educational contexts.
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