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Related Experiment Videos

A-to-D conversion from paper records with a desktop scanner and a microcomputer.

L E Widman1, G L Freeman

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284.

Computers and Biomedical Research, an International Journal
|August 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new method for digitizing paper-based signals using an optical scanner and algorithms. The validated technique accurately converts analog signals into digital data, achieving high precision for physiological recordings.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Signal Processing
  • Data Digitization

Background:

  • Traditional methods for digitizing historical or analog signals from paper records can be cumbersome and prone to error.
  • There is a need for cost-effective and accurate solutions to convert analog data into digital formats for modern analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel, inexpensive method for digitizing analog signals from paper records.
  • To develop and validate algorithms for accurate signal line recognition and numerical conversion.
  • To assess the accuracy of the proposed digitization method using test patterns and physiological data.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing an inexpensive optical scanner to create a bitmap image of the signal on paper.
  • Developing algorithms to identify signal lines within the bitmap data structure.

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  • Translating recognized signal lines into a series of numerical values, mimicking analog-to-digital converters.
  • Validating the method with idealized test patterns and electronically digitized physiological signals (pressure and its derivative).

    • Main Results:

    • The novel method successfully digitizes signals from paper records into a numerical data structure.
    • Algorithms effectively recognize signal lines in bitmap images and convert them to digital values.
    • Validation with physiological signals showed a root mean square error of 3.5-3.9% of peak-to-peak full scale.
    • The accuracy is comparable to electronic analog-to-digital converters, with error related to signal line thickness.

    Conclusions:

    • The presented optical scanning and algorithmic approach offers a viable and cost-effective solution for digitizing analog signals from paper.
    • This method provides a reliable way to convert historical or analog physiological data into a digital format suitable for quantitative analysis.
    • The validated accuracy supports its application in various fields requiring the digitization of analog records.