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Updated: Mar 13, 2026

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Monocyte Conversion During Inflammation and Injury.

Rachel M Kratofil1, Paul Kubes1, Justin F Deniset1

  • 1From the Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases (R.M.K., P.K.) and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (P.K., J.F.D.), Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada.

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Summary

Monocyte subsets are key immune cells that change their function during inflammation and injury. This review explores their plasticity and conversion at inflammation sites.

Keywords:
infectioninflammationinnate immunitymacrophagesmonocytes

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology and cellular biology
  • Focus on leukocyte subsets and immune responses

Background:

  • Monocytes are crucial circulating leukocytes involved in innate and adaptive immunity.
  • They play vital roles in immune defense, inflammation, and tissue remodeling.
  • Distinct monocyte subsets (2 in mice, 3 in humans) are mobilized from bone marrow to inflammatory sites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolving understanding of monocyte subset behavior at inflammation sites.
  • To highlight the plasticity and conversion of monocyte subsets during inflammation and injury.

Main Methods:

  • This is a brief review, synthesizing current knowledge.
  • Focuses on the dynamic nature of monocytes in inflammatory contexts.

Main Results:

  • Monocyte subsets exhibit significant plasticity.
  • These subsets can convert into different functional phenotypes at sites of inflammation and injury.

Conclusions:

  • The fate and conversion of monocyte subsets are critical aspects of the inflammatory response.
  • Understanding monocyte plasticity is essential for comprehending immune defense and tissue repair dynamics.