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Related Concept Videos

In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In-vitro Mutagenesis

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To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
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RNA Editing02:23

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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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Related Experiment Video

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Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms
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Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms

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Genome Editing in Large Animals.

James West1, W Warren Gill2

  • 1AgGenetics, Nashville, TN; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science
|October 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genome editing advances precision in large animals, overcoming past limitations for medical models and production. Careful attention to potential off-target effects is crucial for maximizing benefits in this revolutionary field.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Genetics
  • Biotechnology
  • Genomic Engineering

Background:

  • Genome editing in large animals offers significant applications in research, welfare, and production.
  • Historical genetic modification methods faced challenges like low efficiency and random integration.
  • Recent advancements in site-specific nucleases have enabled precision genome editing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution and current state of genome editing technologies in large animals.
  • To highlight the advantages of site-specific nucleases over older methods.
  • To discuss critical considerations for successful genome editing projects in large animals.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing site-specific nucleases like TALEN and CRISPR/Cas9 for gene truncation or knockout via non-homologous end joining (NHEJ).
  • Employing homologous recombination (HR) with a template for precise gene insertion or modification.
  • Generating gene-edited animals using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), with alternatives like direct zygote injection and spermatogonial stem cell use.

Main Results:

  • Site-specific nucleases achieve high efficiency for gene knockout (NHEJ) but lower efficiency for precise edits (HR).
  • CRISPR/Cas9 and TALEN offer precise genome modification capabilities.
  • Somatic cell nuclear transfer remains the primary method for creating gene-edited animals.

Conclusions:

  • Genome editing is revolutionizing large animal genetics, offering enhanced precision and efficiency.
  • Careful consideration of off-target effects and underlying biology is essential for successful applications.
  • Continued development of techniques like direct zygote injection and stem cell applications holds promise for future advancements.