Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Acute Coronary Syndrome with Special Reference to Non-HDL Cholesterol
Debjani S Goswami1, Tanuja P Manohar2
1CCU Registrar, Medica Superspeciality Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal.
Insights
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is linked to hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and lifestyle factors in Central India. Managing these modifiable risks can significantly reduce CAD occurrence.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of death globally, particularly in developing nations like India.
- Cardiometabolic risk factors are crucial in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD).
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between various risk factors and the incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Central India.
- To identify key modifiable risk factors contributing to CAD in the studied population.
Main Methods:
- A hospital-based, age and sex-matched case-control study was conducted with 100 CAD cases and 100 controls.
- Risk factors including hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia, smoking, tobacco use, waist-hip ratio (WHR), and body mass index (BMI) were assessed.
- Statistical analysis involved Chi-square tests, odds ratios, and unconditional multivariate logistic regression.
Main Results:
- Males predominated among CAD cases, with the highest prevalence in the 51-60 age group.
- Significant associations were observed between CAD and hypertension, DM, dyslipidemia, smoking, tobacco consumption, WHR, and BMI.
- Non-HDL cholesterol was also analyzed in all subjects.
Conclusions:
- Hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and lifestyle factors are significantly associated with CAD in Central India.
- Public education on modifiable risk factors is essential for CAD prevention.
- Effective management of these risk factors can substantially decrease CAD incidence.
Introduction:
Cardiovascular diseases are becoming the major cause of morbidity and mortality in most of the developing countries including India. Cardiometabolic risk factors play a vital role in causation of coronary artery disease. Present study was carried out to investigate the role of various risk factors in the occurrence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in population from Central India.
Setting And Design:
This was a hospital-based age and sex matched case-control study, carried out at Lata Mangeshkar Hospital, Nagpur.
Material And Methods:
A total of 100 newly diagnosed cases of CAD and equal number of age and sex matched controls were studied. Patients and controls were screened for presence of traditional cardio metabolic risk factors. In addition, non-HDL-C was calculated in all the subjects. Significance of association between various risk factors and study groups was evaluated using Chi-square test. Odds ratios were obtained as a measure of risk associated with each factor. Unconditional multivariate logistic regression was used to obtain adjusted odds ratios.
Results:
Males outnumber females with most of the cases belonged to age group of 51-60 years. Significant association was found between CAD and risk factors like hypertension, DM, dyslipidemia, smoking, tobacco consumption, WHR and BMI. With the increasing prevalence of CAD, it is pertinent to educate people, about the risk associated with key modifiable factors. An effective control on these factors may help in controlling occurrence of CAD to significant extent.
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