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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Damping01:17

Magnetic Damping

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Eddy currents can produce significant drag on motion, called magnetic damping. For instance, when a metallic pendulum bob swings between the poles of a strong magnet, significant drag acts on the bob as it enters and leaves the field, quickly damping the motion.
If, however, the bob is a slotted metal plate, the magnet produces a much smaller effect. When a slotted metal plate enters the field, an emf is induced by the change in flux; however, it is less effective because the slots limit the...
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Drag01:23

Drag

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Drag is a resistive force opposing an object’s motion through a fluid, resulting from surface pressure and shear forces. It comprises two components: a perpendicular one from pressure and a tangential one from shear stress. Accurate drag calculations use pressure and wall shear stress distributions, often determined through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) or wind tunnel testing. The drag coefficient, a dimensionless measure, depends on factors like shape, Reynolds number, Mach number,...
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Types of Damping01:20

Types of Damping

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If the amount of damping in a system is gradually increased, the period and frequency start to become affected because damping opposes, and hence slows, the back and forth motion (the net force is smaller in both directions). If there is a very large amount of damping, the system does not even oscillate; instead, it slowly moves toward equilibrium. In brief, an overdamped system moves slowly towards equilibrium, whereas an underdamped system moves quickly to equilibrium but will oscillate about...
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Damped Oscillations01:07

Damped Oscillations

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In the real world, oscillations seldom follow true simple harmonic motion. A system that continues its motion indefinitely without losing its amplitude is termed undamped. However, friction of some sort usually dampens the motion, so it fades away or needs more force to continue. For example, a guitar string stops oscillating a few seconds after being plucked. Similarly, one must continually push a swing to keep a child swinging on a playground.
Although friction and other non-conservative...
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Momentum And Radiation Pressure01:20

Momentum And Radiation Pressure

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An object absorbing an electromagnetic wave would experience a force in the direction of propagation of the wave. This force occurs because electromagnetic waves contain and transport momentum. The force accounts for the wave's radiation pressure exerted on the object. Maxwell's prediction was confirmed in 1903 by Nichols and Hull by precisely measuring radiation pressures with a torsion balance. The measuring instrument had mirrors suspended from a fiber kept inside a glass container.
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Drag Force and Terminal Speed01:18

Drag Force and Terminal Speed

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An interesting force in everyday life is the force of drag on an object when it is moving in a fluid. Like friction, the drag force always opposes the motion of an object. Unlike simple friction, the drag force is proportional to some function of the velocity of the object in that fluid. This functionality is complicated and depends upon the shape of the object, its size, its velocity, and the fluid it is in. For most large objects, such as cyclists, cars, and baseballs, that are not moving too...
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Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry
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First Test of Long-Range Collisional Drag via Plasma Wave Damping.

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  • 1Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.

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New experiments confirm a theory of enhanced drag in magnetized plasma caused by long-range collisions. Measured wave damping rates significantly exceed classical predictions, supporting the novel theory.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma physics
  • Astrophysical plasma dynamics
  • Magnetohydrodynamics

Background:

  • Collisional drag is a fundamental process in plasma physics, affecting wave propagation and energy transfer.
  • Classical theories predict drag based on short-range collisions, potentially underestimating effects in certain plasma conditions.
  • Magnetized plasmas exhibit complex behaviors influenced by long-range interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally validate a new theory predicting enhanced collisional drag in magnetized plasmas.
  • To investigate the role of long-range collisions in plasma wave damping.
  • To compare experimental results with both classical and new theoretical predictions.

Main Methods:

  • Experiments were conducted using a multispecies pure ion plasma.
  • Damping rates of Langmuir waves were measured under varying plasma conditions.
  • Interspecies collisional drag regimes were identified and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Measured damping rates of Langmuir waves exceeded classical predictions by up to an order of magnitude in specific regimes.
  • The enhanced damping was found to be dominated by interspecies collisional drag.
  • Experimental data showed strong agreement with the predictions of the new theory.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides the first experimental evidence supporting the theory of enhanced drag due to long-range collisions in magnetized plasmas.
  • Long-range collisional effects significantly influence wave damping, a factor not fully captured by classical models.
  • These findings have implications for understanding energy dissipation and transport in various plasma environments.