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How Strong is the "Fake ID Effect?" An Examination Using Propensity Score Matching in Two Samples
John Stogner1, Julia A Martinez2, Bryan Lee Miller3
1The Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina.
Using fake identification (IDs) increases risks for underage college students, even when accounting for other risk factors. The fake ID effect was strongest for alcohol-related arrests, suggesting targeted interventions are needed.
Area of Science:
- Social Science
- Criminology
- Public Health
Background:
- Underage college students using fake IDs face significant risks.
- The unique contribution of fake IDs to harm, beyond other risk factors, is not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine if the "fake ID effect" persists after controlling for individual and social risk factors.
- To assess the unique impact of fake IDs on negative outcomes in college students.
Main Methods:
- Propensity score matching (PSM) was used with cross-sectional (n=1,454) and longitudinal (n=3,720) undergraduate samples.
- Individuals with fake IDs were matched with controls based on risk factors.
- Outcomes included binge drinking, alcohol problems, arrests, and drug use.
Main Results:
- The "fake ID effect" was significantly reduced but not eliminated after accounting for risk factors.
- The strongest "fake ID effect" was observed for alcohol-related arrests.
- This suggests a complex interplay of factors contributing to negative outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Interventions should address both fake ID use and general access to alcohol for at-risk youth.
- Further research should explore fake IDs as moderators of risky traits influencing drinking behavior.
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