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Chromatin Packaging

Chromatin Packaging

Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter?
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order...

Chromatin Packaging

Chromatin Packaging

Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base pairs of DNA. Each base pair is 0.34 nm long, meaning each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. This long DNA strand is packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10-20 microns in diameter with the help of specialized DNA-binding proteins called histones. Together they form a compact DNA-protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin is further compacted into higher-order structures. The highest level of compaction is achieved during...

Chromatin Packaging

Chromatin Packaging

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...

Euchromatin

Euchromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation- ChIP

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation- ChIP

Chromatin immunoprecipitation, or ChIP, is an antibody-based technique used to identify sites on DNA that bind to transcription factors of interest or histone proteins. It also helps determine the type of histone modifications such as acetylation, phosphorylation, or methylation.
Types of ChIP
ChIP can be divided into two types - X-ChIP and N-ChIP. X-ChIP involves in vivo cross-linking of histones and regulatory proteins to DNA, fragmenting the DNA by sonication, and isolating the protein-DNA...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Deciphering High-Resolution 3D Chromatin Organization via Capture Hi-C

Deciphering High-Resolution 3D Chromatin Organization via Capture Hi-C

Published on: October 14, 2022

Chromatin Conformation Capture-Based Analysis of Nuclear Architecture.

Stefan Grob¹, Ueli Grossniklaus^2,3

¹Department of Plant and Microbial Biology & Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland. sgrob@botinst.uzh.ch.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|October 23, 2016

Summary

This study presents a robust Hi-C protocol for analyzing plant nuclear organization and chromosome structure. This method offers a comprehensive approach to studying chromatin architecture in various plant tissues and conditions.

Keywords:

3C 4C 5C Arabidopsis Chromatin folding Chromatin loops Chromatin organization Chromosomal interactions Hi-C Higher-order organization Nuclear architecture

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Capturing Chromosome Conformation Across Length Scales

Capturing Chromosome Conformation Across Length Scales

Published on: January 20, 2023

Area of Science:

Plant Biology
Genomics
Epigenetics

Background:

Nuclear organization and higher-order chromosome structure influence key biological processes like replication and transcription.
Microscopy was the primary method for analyzing nuclear organization until the advent of chromatin conformation capture (3C) techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a robust Hi-C protocol for analyzing nuclear organization in plant tissues.
To enable quantitative and comprehensive study of chromatin organization in plants.

Main Methods:

Development and application of a robust Hi-C protocol.
Analysis of nuclear organization in diverse wild-type and mutant plant tissues.

Main Results:

The Hi-C protocol allows detailed analysis of chromosomal architecture from loci to the whole genome.
The method is quantitative, efficient, and comprehensive for studying plant chromatin organization.

Conclusions:

This Hi-C protocol is a valuable tool for investigating plant chromatin organization.
It facilitates research on plant development, environmental responses, and epigenetic regulation.