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The cytoskeletal architecture can be studied using different microscopic and biochemical techniques. Electron microscopy was instrumental in discovering the cytoskeletal architecture around the 1960s, which allowed obtaining structural information at a high-resolution level. However, the sample preparation procedure often limits this ability in biological samples. Several protocols have been developed over the years to optimize sample preparation. In one of the protocols known as rotary...
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Encapsulating Cytochrome c in Silica Aerogel Nanoarchitectures without Metal Nanoparticles while Retaining Gas-phase Bioactivity
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Cytochrome c Stabilization and Immobilization in Aerogels.

Amanda S Harper-Leatherman1, Jean Marie Wallace2, Debra R Rolison3

  • 1Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Fairfield University, 1073 North Benson Road, Fairfield, CT, 06824, USA. aharper@fairfield.edu.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|October 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed novel bioaerogels using cytochrome c (cyt.c) and silica. These advanced materials enable rapid gas-phase sensing of nitric oxide (NO) while maintaining protein stability, overcoming previous limitations in biomolecule incorporation.

Keywords:
AerogelCytochrome cGold nanoparticleNitric oxideTEMUltraviolet–visible spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Sol-gel aerogels are highly porous, nanoscale materials ideal for sensing applications.
  • Incorporating sensitive biomolecules into aerogels is challenging due to harsh processing conditions.
  • Cytochrome c (cyt.c) can be stabilized within aerogels using protective superstructures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for incorporating functional biomolecules, specifically cytochrome c, into aerogels.
  • To create bioaerogels capable of rapid gas-phase sensing.
  • To ensure the structural integrity and stability of the biomolecule during aerogel formation.

Main Methods:

  • Encapsulating self-organized cytochrome c (cyt.c) superstructures (nucleated by gold or silver nanoparticles) into wet gels.
  • Processing wet gels into composite aerogels using supercritical fluid (SCF) extraction.
  • Developing nanoparticle-free cyt.c-silica aerogels through controlled synthesis parameters.

Main Results:

  • Composite aerogels retained the functional cytochrome c, evidenced by visible absorption.
  • Au~cyt.c superstructures protected cyt.c from harsh aerogel formation conditions.
  • The resulting bioaerogels demonstrated rapid gas-phase recognition of nitric oxide (NO) and maintained protein viability for weeks.
  • Nanoparticle-free cyt.c-silica aerogels also exhibited rapid gas-phase sensing and protein stability.

Conclusions:

  • Biomolecule-functionalized aerogels can be successfully prepared by protecting the biomolecule within self-organized superstructures or through controlled synthesis.
  • These bioaerogels offer a promising platform for sensitive and rapid gas-phase detection, particularly for nitric oxide.
  • The developed methods enhance the utility of aerogels in electrochemical and sensing applications by enabling the stable incorporation of delicate biomolecules.