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Related Concept Videos

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane01:33

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

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Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.
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Acid Halides to Ketones: Gilman Reagent01:14

Acid Halides to Ketones: Gilman Reagent

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Lithium dialkyl cuprate, also known as Gilman reagents, selectively reduces acid halides to ketones. The acid chloride is treated with Gilman reagent at −78 °C in the presence of ether solution to produce a ketone in good yield.
As shown below, the mechanism proceeds in two steps. First, one of the alkyl groups of the reagent acts as a nucleophile and attacks the acyl carbon of the acid chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the reformation of the carbon–oxygen...
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Alkenes via Reductive Coupling of Aldehydes or Ketones: McMurry Reaction01:22

Alkenes via Reductive Coupling of Aldehydes or Ketones: McMurry Reaction

2.4K
The radical dimerization of ketones or aldehydes gives vicinal diols through a pinacol coupling reaction. However, the behavior of titanium metals used for the reaction as a source of electrons is unusual. When the reaction is carried out in the presence of titanium, diols can be isolated at low temperatures. Else titanium further reacts with diols, forming alkenes through the McMurry reaction.
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Radical Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols01:21

Radical Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols

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Activated manganese(IV) oxide can selectively oxidize allylic and benzylic alcohols via a radical intermediate mechanism. Primary allylic alcohols are oxidized to aldehydes, while secondary allylic alcohols yield ketones. The redox reaction of potassium permanganate with an Mn(II) salt such as manganese sulfate (under either alkaline or acidic conditions), followed by thorough drying, yields the oxidizing agent: activated MnO2. While MnO2 is insoluble in the solvents used for the reaction, the...
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Oxymercuration-Reduction of Alkenes02:36

Oxymercuration-Reduction of Alkenes

9.6K
Oxymercuration–reduction of alkenes is one of the major reactions converting alkenes to alcohols. It involves the hydration of alkenes with mercuric acetate in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and water, forming an organomercury adduct. This is followed by a demercuration step in which the adduct is reduced to an alcohol using sodium borohydride.
9.6K
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate02:21

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate

17.6K
Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate.  The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.
17.6K

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Preparation of Biomass-based Mesoporous Carbon with Higher Nitrogen-/Oxygen-chelating Adsorption for CuII Through Microwave Pre-Pyrolysis
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Methanol carbonylation over copper-modified mordenite zeolite: A solid-state NMR study.

Lei Zhou1, Shenhui Li1, Guodong Qi1

  • 1National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.

Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
|October 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Copper-enhanced MOR zeolite significantly boosts methanol carbonylation efficiency. Cu+ stabilizes intermediates, suppressing unwanted byproducts like hydrocarbons for cleaner methyl acetate production.

Keywords:
Methanol carbonylationMordeniteSolid-state NMRZeolite

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Area of Science:

  • Catalysis
  • Materials Science
  • Solid-state Chemistry

Background:

  • Methanol carbonylation is a key industrial process for producing methyl acetate.
  • Zeolites are widely used as catalysts in various chemical transformations.
  • Understanding active sites and reaction mechanisms is crucial for catalyst optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the catalytic performance of Cu-H-MOR and H-MOR zeolites in methanol carbonylation.
  • To elucidate the role of copper species in the reaction mechanism using solid-state NMR spectroscopy.
  • To identify factors influencing methyl acetate yield and byproduct formation.

Main Methods:

  • Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
  • Catalytic testing of Cu-H-MOR and H-MOR zeolites.
  • Analysis of reaction products and byproducts.

Main Results:

  • Cu-H-MOR zeolite exhibits significantly higher catalytic activity compared to H-MOR zeolite.
  • Copper (Cu+) species stabilize dimethyl ether, effectively suppressing hydrocarbon formation.
  • Adsorbed carbon monoxide on Cu+ sites is not directly involved in methyl acetate or acetic acid formation.

Conclusions:

  • The incorporation of copper into H-MOR zeolite enhances its efficacy for methanol carbonylation.
  • The Cu+ active sites play a critical role in directing the reaction pathway and minimizing side reactions.
  • This study provides fundamental insights into zeolite-based catalysis for ester synthesis.