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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Actin01:26

Introduction to Actin

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Actin is a highly conserved cytoskeletal protein found abundantly in eukaryotic cells. It constitutes 10% weight of the total cellular protein in muscle cells, while in non-muscle cells, it is lower and makes up around 1–5 percent of the total cell protein. Actin found in the unicellular amoebae and complex multicellular animals is around 80% similar, demonstrating their conservation over a billion years of evolution.  Actin coding genes are conserved within species and across...
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Bacterial Phylum Actinobacteria01:30

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Coryneform bacteria are gram-positive, aerobic, nonmotile rods that exhibit irregular, club-shaped, or V-shaped arrangements. Their V-shape results from snapping division, where the inner cell wall layer forms the cross-wall, while the outer layer remains intact until it ruptures on one side, causing the daughter cells to bend away.The primary genera are Corynebacterium and Arthrobacter. Corynebacterium includes diverse species, ranging from saprophytes to pathogens like Corynebacterium...
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Cytoskeletal Proteins in Bacteria01:29

Cytoskeletal Proteins in Bacteria

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Bacterial cells were initially considered simple, randomly organized structures lacking a cytoskeleton. However, the discovery of cytoskeleton homologs in bacteria led to the change of this opinion. Bacterial cytoskeletal filaments regulate the cell shape, cell polarity, cell division, and partitioning of plasmids during cell division. It was later discovered that bacterial cytoskeletal proteins, mainly actin and tubulin homologs, are diverse compared to their eukaryotic counterparts. On the...
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Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility01:13

Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility

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Actin is a family of globular proteins that are highly abundant in eukaryotic cells. It makes up approximately 1-5% of total cell protein concentration. Actin monomers polymerize to form a complex network of polarized filaments, the actin cytoskeleton, that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, division, endocytosis, and metastasis of cancer cells.
Actin cytoskeleton dynamics can produce pushing, pulling, and resistance forces that help the cell to migrate....
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Actin Filament Depolymerization01:19

Actin Filament Depolymerization

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Actin filaments (F-actin) are composed of actin subunits. The dissociation of actin monomers can occur from either end of F-actin. The rate of dissociation is faster from the minus-end or the pointed end, where the actin subunits exist with a bound ADP, together known as ADP-actin. The depolymerization of F-actin is aided by proteins, including the actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) and cofilin family of proteins, gelsolin, and glia maturation factor (GMF).
In F-actin, the ADF/cofilin proteins...
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Ribozymes02:47

Ribozymes

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The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
Ribozymes can...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Single-Step Enrichment of a TAP-Tagged Histone Deacetylase of the Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus nidulans for Enzymatic Activity Assay
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Enzymes From Rare Actinobacterial Strains.

J Suriya1, S Bharathiraja2, P Manivasagan3

  • 1School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.

Advances in Food and Nutrition Research
|October 25, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Actinobacteria are valuable sources of novel enzymes for industry. Advances in culturing and genetic engineering enable the discovery of these biocatalysts from diverse environments, meeting industrial demands.

Keywords:
ActinobacteriaBiocatalystExtremozymesLignocellulolytic enzymesOxidative enzymes

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biotechnology
  • Enzymology

Background:

  • Actinobacteria are prolific sources of bioactive compounds and enzymes crucial for medical and industrial applications.
  • Isolation and culturing of actinobacteria from extreme environments present challenges, but recent advancements have increased discovery rates.
  • Microbial enzymes are favored for industrial use due to ease of cultivation, minimal nutritional needs, and cost-effective downstream processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review novel, commercially valuable enzymes derived from rare actinobacterial strains.
  • To highlight the industrial significance of enzymes from actinobacteria, including oxidative, lignocellulolytic, and extremozymes.
  • To discuss the potential of actinobacterial enzymes in fulfilling diverse industrial requirements.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on actinobacteria and their enzyme production.
  • Focus on advanced culturing and genetic engineering techniques for isolating novel strains.
  • Analysis of enzyme classes like oxidative, lignocellulolytic, and extremozymes from actinobacteria.

Main Results:

  • Actinobacteria yield a broad spectrum of enzymes with significant industrial utility.
  • Novel enzymes from rare actinobacterial strains are increasingly meeting industrial demands.
  • These enzymes possess capabilities for degrading various compounds, including pesticides and hydrocarbons.

Conclusions:

  • Rare actinobacterial strains are a promising source for novel, industrially relevant enzymes.
  • Advancements in isolation and genetic techniques are expanding the discovery of these biocatalysts.
  • Actinobacterial enzymes, including oxidative, lignocellulolytic, and extremozymes, are vital for numerous industrial processes.