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Processing Load Imposed by Line Breaks in English Temporal Wh-Questions.

Masako Hirotani1, J Michael Terry2, Norihiro Sadato3

  • 1Language and Brain Laboratory, School of Linguistics and Language Studies and Institute of Cognitive Science, Carleton UniversityOttawa, ON, Canada; Department of System Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological SciencesOkazaki, Japan; Department of Linguistics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA.

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Summary

Line breaks in text act like implicit prosody, influencing how we process English wh-questions. This study found that line breaks can bias sentence interpretation, aiding comprehension.

Keywords:
implicit prosodyinner voiceline breakssentence comprehensionsentence processingsilent readingwh-questionswritten text

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Computational Linguistics
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Prosody, both explicit and implicit, significantly impacts online sentence processing.
  • Syntactic packaging guided by prosody facilitates sentence comprehension.
  • The role of implicit prosody in written text processing remains an area of active research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether line breaks in written English induce implicit prosodic breaks.
  • To determine if these implicit prosodic breaks bias the interpretation of wh-questions.
  • To test the hypothesis that line breaks affect the scope assignment of wh-phrases.

Main Methods:

  • A self-paced reading experiment using unambiguous wh-questions with varied line break placements.
  • A questionnaire study employing ambiguous wh-questions to assess interpretation biases.
  • Analysis of reading times and participant responses to identify processing effects.

Main Results:

  • Wh-questions were processed faster when line breaks aligned with the wh-phrase scope (main or embedded clause).
  • Ambiguous wh-questions showed a main clause attachment preference when a line break followed the main verb.
  • The placement of line breaks significantly influenced the interpretation of wh-question scope.

Conclusions:

  • Line breaks in written text function as implicit prosodic breaks, influencing sentence processing.
  • The findings support the 'line break' hypothesis, demonstrating a processing bias in wh-question interpretation.
  • This research highlights the interplay between visual text structure and cognitive processing of syntactic ambiguity.