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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
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Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

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Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
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Next-generation Sequencing03:00

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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
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Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

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The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
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It depends whose data are being shared: considerations for genomic data sharing policies.

Jill O Robinson1, Melody J Slashinski2, Elizabeth Chiao3

  • 1Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Journal of Law and the Biosciences
|July 21, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing consistent genetic data sharing policies requires balancing scientific advancement with individual and group privacy interests. Policies must accommodate diverse preferences for data sharing and privacy protection.

Keywords:
data sharinggenomicpolicyprivacyresearchtrust

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioethics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Existing genetic data sharing policies in the United States have gaps in protecting human subjects.
  • There is an urgent need for consistent policies that balance scientific advancement with the values of data providers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore challenges in human subject protection within current genetic data sharing policies.
  • To elaborate on the necessity for policies accommodating diverse individual and group preferences regarding data sharing and privacy.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of previously published data on patient/parent consent and privacy attitudes.
  • Focus group discussions with HIV-positive, underserved individuals regarding willingness to participate in genetic research and broad data sharing.

Main Results:

  • Data highlight variations in consent and privacy attitudes across different populations.
  • Focus groups revealed specific concerns and willingness levels among underserved HIV-positive individuals regarding genetic data sharing.

Conclusions:

  • Future genomic data sharing policies must balance individual and group privacy interests.
  • Researchers and funding agencies need to address the heterogeneity of preferences in data sharing and privacy protection.