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Dynamic functional connectivity in bipolar disorder is associated with executive function and processing speed: A

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Resting-state functional MRI in bipolar disorder (BD) revealed less variable default mode network (DMN) connectivity, specifically between the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). This reduced brain network flexibility correlates with cognitive deficits in BD patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with cognitive and emotion processing deficits.
  • Alterations in functional connectivity, particularly involving the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), are implicated in BD.
  • The default mode network (DMN) plays a crucial role in self-referential thought and cognitive function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the temporal dynamics of DMN functional connectivity in euthymic bipolar disorder (BD) patients.
  • To investigate the association between DMN connectivity dynamics and cognitive performance in BD.
  • To examine alterations in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) connectivity within the DMN.

Main Methods:

  • Resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) was conducted on euthymic BD patients (n=15) and healthy comparisons (HC, n=19).
  • A seed-based approach using regions of interest in the mPFC, posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and lateral parietal cortex was employed.
  • Sliding-window correlational analysis was used to assess temporal dynamics of DMN connectivity.

Main Results:

  • No significant group differences in overall DMN connectivity strength were observed.
  • Dynamic functional connectivity between the mPFC and PCC was less variable (more rigid) over time in BD patients compared to HC.
  • Reduced mPFC-PCC connectivity variability was significantly associated with slower processing speed and impaired cognitive set-shifting in BD.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced variability in resting-state functional connectivity may indicate decreased internetwork flexibility in BD.
  • This reduced flexibility is a potential correlate of cognitive impairments observed even during euthymic periods in BD.
  • Dynamic connectivity patterns offer insights into the neural underpinnings of cognitive deficits in bipolar disorder.