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Serum Vitamin D Levels in Children with Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis

Banu Bozkurt1, Hasibe Artac2, Hulya Ozdemir2

  • 1a Departments of Ophthalmology , Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine , Selcuklu , Konya , Turkey.

Ocular Immunology and Inflammation
|October 25, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Children with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) have lower serum vitamin D levels. Sun avoidance may contribute to this deficiency, warranting screening for vitamin D deficiency in VKC patients.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a bilateral, itching, ocular allergic condition.
  • Vitamin D deficiency is a growing global health concern, particularly in children.
  • Limited research exists on the association between VKC and vitamin D status.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D3] levels in children diagnosed with VKC.
  • To compare vitamin D levels between VKC patients and healthy controls.
  • To explore potential correlations between vitamin D status, disease severity, and lifestyle factors in VKC.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study comparing 29 children with VKC and 62 healthy non-atopic children.
  • Serum 25(OH)D3 levels were quantified using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).
  • Statistical analyses, including t-tests and Spearman correlation, were employed to compare groups and assess relationships, with p < 0.05 considered significant.

Main Results:

  • VKC children exhibited significantly lower mean serum 25(OH)D3 levels (11.02 ± 5.16 ng/mL) compared to controls (15.99 ± 7.36 ng/mL) (p = 0.002).
  • Severe vitamin D deficiency (<10 ng/mL) was more prevalent in the VKC group (48.3%) than in controls (22.6%) (p = 0.017).
  • Reduced time spent outdoors in VKC children (160.7 ± 65.9 min) correlated significantly with lower serum 25(OH)D3 levels (Spearman rho = 0.812, p<0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Children diagnosed with VKC frequently present with vitamin D deficiency.
  • Sun avoidance behavior, potentially linked to VKC, may be a contributing factor to low vitamin D levels.
  • Routine screening for vitamin D deficiency is recommended for children with VKC to guide appropriate management.
Abstract

Keywords:
Serum 25(OH)Dsun avoidancevernal keratoconjunctivitisvitamin D deficiency

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