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Related Concept Videos

Rolling Resistance01:21

Rolling Resistance

730
When a solid cylinder rolls steadily on a rigid surface, the normal force applied by the surface on the cylinder is perpendicular to the tangent at the contact point. However, since no materials are entirely rigid, the surface's reaction to the cylinder involves a range of normal pressures.
For instance, imagine a hard cylinder rolling on a comparatively soft surface. The cylinder's weight compresses the surface beneath it. As the cylinder moves, the material in front of it slows down due to...
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Rolling Without Slipping01:09

Rolling Without Slipping

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People have observed the rolling motion without slipping ever since the invention of the wheel. For example, one can look at the interaction between a car's tires and the surface of the road. If the driver presses the accelerator to the floor so that the tires spin without the car moving forward, there must be kinetic friction between the wheels and the road's surface. If the driver slowly presses the accelerator, causing the car to move forward, the tires roll without slipping. It is...
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Rolling Resistance: Problem Solving01:17

Rolling Resistance: Problem Solving

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Rolling resistance, also known as rolling friction, is the force that resists the motion of a rolling object, such as a wheel, tire, or ball, when it moves over a surface. It is caused by the deformation of the object and the surface in contact with each other, as well as other factors like internal friction, hysteresis, and energy losses within the materials. Rolling resistance opposes the object's motion, requiring additional energy to overcome it and maintain movement. In practical...
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Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency01:19

Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency

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The turnover number of an enzyme is the maximum number of substrate molecules it can transform per unit time. Turnover numbers for most enzymes range from 1 to 1000 molecules per second. Catalase has the known highest turnover number, capable of converting up to 2.8×106 molecules of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen per second. Lysozyme has the lowest known turnover number of half a molecule per second.
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Bearings: Problem Solving01:24

Bearings: Problem Solving

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Understanding the calculations and concepts related to double-collar bearings is essential for engineers and designers to optimize the performance of these components in various applications. By analyzing the bearing under different conditions, one can ensure that it can withstand the forces and moments experienced during operation. This knowledge enables better decision-making when designing and selecting bearings for specific purposes and configurations. Consider a double-collar bearing with...
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Journal Bearings01:23

Journal Bearings

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Journal bearings are mechanical components that support and provide lateral stability to rotating shafts and axles. They are crucial in reducing friction, wear, and vibration in machinery such as engines, turbines, and pumps. The principle behind journal bearings is forming a thin lubricant film between the bearing surface and the rotating shaft, which minimizes direct contact and reduces frictional forces.
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Updated: Mar 13, 2026

A Simple and Inexpensive Running Wheel Model for Progressive Resistance Training in Mice
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Keeping the Wheels Turning.

Joey Berlin

    Texas Medicine
    |October 25, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    The Hard Hats for Little Heads program has distributed over 235,000 helmets to children. Properly fitted helmets significantly reduce head and brain injury risks by up to 88%.

    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Injury Prevention
    • Pediatric Safety

    Background:

    • The Texas Medical Association's Hard Hats for Little Heads program has a 22-year history.
    • Over 235,000 helmets have been distributed to children in Texas.
    • Head injuries pose a significant risk to children's health and development.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the impact of the Hard Hats for Little Heads program.
    • To emphasize the importance of helmet use for pediatric injury prevention.
    • To provide data on the effectiveness of protective headgear.

    Main Methods:

    • Programmatic data collection on helmet distribution.
    • Review of established statistics on helmet efficacy.
    • Analysis of injury risk reduction associated with helmet use.

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    Main Results:

    • More than 235,000 helmets distributed over 22 years.
    • Properly fitting helmets can reduce head injury risk by up to 85%.
    • Brain injury risk can be reduced by as much as 88% with helmet use.

    Conclusions:

    • The Hard Hats for Little Heads program has a substantial reach in Texas.
    • Helmet use is a critical, evidence-based strategy for preventing pediatric head and brain injuries.
    • Continued promotion and distribution of properly fitting helmets are essential for child safety.