ATP/pH Dual Responsive Nanoparticle with d-[des-Arg¹⁰ ]Kallidin Mediated Efficient In Vivo Targeting Drug Delivery

Inflammation has been reported as one significant hallmark of breast cancer in relation to tumor development, metastasis, and invasion. The bradykinin receptor 1 (B1R) is highly expressed on inflammatory breast tumor cells thus providing a promising targeting site for tumor recognition and sufficient receptor mediated endocytosis. In this study, the authors evaluate the targeting efficiency of l-form and d-form [des-Arg¹⁰ ]kallidin both in vitro and in vivo. To further improve the drug delivery efficiency, the authors establish a dandelion like nanoparticle by combining the polymeric drug conjugates and aptamer complex together. The doxorubicin conjugated polymer is complexed with adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) sensitive hybridized aptamer in self-assembly process by intercalating into the double strand scaffolds. The acid labile conjugating bond and ATP sensitive aptamer endow the nanoparticle with dual responsiveness to intracellular milieu, thus triggering a quick drug release in tumor cells. Remarkable therapeutic effects and tuned in vivo pharmacokinetics profiles are shown by the aptamer complexed drug conjugates nanoparticle with B1R active targeting modification. Therefore the strategies of B1R targeting and ATP/pH dual-responsiveness nanoparticle help achieve enhanced drug accumulation within tumor cells and efficient chemotherapy for breast cancer.