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Aerobic Exercise Training Modalities and Prediabetes Risk Reduction.

Chip P Rowan1, Michael C Riddell, Norman Gledhill

  • 11York University, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Toronto, ON, CANADA; and 2LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology and Manna Research, Toronto, ON, CANADA.

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
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Summary

Both continuous moderate-intensity and high-intensity interval training improve prediabetes health markers. This 12-week exercise program, including resistance training, enhanced glycemic control, reduced waist circumference, and boosted aerobic fitness.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Metabolic Health
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Prediabetes is a growing public health concern linked to modifiable risk factors like physical inactivity.
  • The optimal exercise prescription for managing prediabetes remains unclear, necessitating further research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effectiveness of continuous moderate-intensity (CON) training versus high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in individuals with prediabetes.
  • To assess the impact of these training modalities on glycated hemoglobin (A1C), body composition, and fitness levels.

Main Methods:

  • A pilot study involving 21 participants with prediabetes randomly assigned to either HIIT or CON training for 12 weeks.
  • All participants engaged in resistance training twice weekly.
  • Key outcomes including A1C, oral glucose tolerance, body composition, and fitness were measured at baseline and follow-up.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences were observed between HIIT and CON groups in metabolic improvements.
  • Pooled data revealed a mean A1C reduction of 0.5%, a 28.9% improvement in beta-cell function, and a 34.8% decrease in insulin sensitivity.
  • Significant reductions in waist circumference (4.5 cm) and a 20% improvement in aerobic fitness were noted in both groups.

Conclusions:

  • A 12-week exercise program combining resistance training with either HIIT or CON training effectively improves glycemic control in individuals with prediabetes.
  • This intervention also leads to reductions in visceral adiposity and enhancements in aerobic fitness.