Inhaled phage therapy: a promising and challenging approach to treat bacterial respiratory infections

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Pulmonology
• Biotechnology

Background:

• Antibiotic resistance is a growing threat to treating bacterial respiratory tract infections (RTIs).
• Bacteriophages (phages) are natural antibacterial viruses being explored as alternatives or adjuncts to antibiotics.
• Targeted delivery of phages to the airways is crucial for effective treatment of RTIs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the potential of phage therapy for treating bacterial RTIs.
• To discuss preclinical and clinical evidence of phage administration for RTIs.
• To examine recent advancements and challenges in phage formulation and aerosolization for inhalation therapy.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of preclinical and clinical studies on phage therapy for RTIs.
• Analysis of recent research on phage formulation and aerosolization techniques.
• Evaluation of expert opinions on the feasibility and future directions of inhaled phage therapy.

Main Results:

• Phage therapy presents a clinically relevant and technically feasible approach for combating bacterial RTIs.
• Preclinical and clinical data suggest potential efficacy, but technical challenges in pulmonary deposition via inhalation exist.
• Further investigation into phage pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity, and regulatory aspects is necessary.

Conclusions:

• Inhaled bacteriophage therapy is a promising strategy against antibiotic-resistant RTIs.
• Randomized controlled trials are essential to establish the clinical utility of phage therapy.
• Development of appropriate manufacturing and regulatory guidelines is critical for clinical implementation.