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Related Concept Videos

Stimulants01:29

Stimulants

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Stimulants are substances that enhance neural activity and elevate dopamine levels in the brain, leading to their highly addictive nature. These drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, caffeine, and nicotine, each with distinct mechanisms of action and varied health implications.
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Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants01:23

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Ganglionic stimulants activate NM nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, falling into two categories: nicotine mimetics [e.g., lobeline, dimethylpiperazine, tetramethylammonium] and muscarinic receptor agonists [e.g., muscarine, methacholine]. The first category's action is rapid and blocked by nicotinic receptor antagonists, while the second category's action is delayed and blocked by atropine-like agents. Nicotine, an alkaloid, affects the heart rate by stimulating...
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Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems01:26

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

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Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...
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Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems01:18

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

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Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...
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Drug Dependence01:17

Drug Dependence

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Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System
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Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System

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Electronic Cigarettes for Smoking Cessation.

Menfil A Orellana-Barrios1, Drew Payne1, Rita M Medrano-Juarez1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas.

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences
|October 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) show variable smoking cessation success rates, making comparisons difficult. More large randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm their effectiveness as a smoking-cessation aid.

Keywords:
Electronic cigarettesElectronic nicotine delivery devicesSmoking cessationTobacco harm reduction

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Addiction Medicine
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is rising globally.
  • The efficacy of e-cigarettes as a smoking-cessation tool remains controversial and debated.
  • Current research on e-cigarette cessation effectiveness is inconsistent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize findings from clinical trials and prospective studies on e-cigarette use for smoking cessation.
  • To highlight the variability and inconsistencies in reporting cessation outcomes.
  • To identify the need for further research.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of existing randomized clinical trials and prospective studies on e-cigarette cessation.
  • Comparison of reported cessation rates across studies with differing methodologies and follow-up periods.
  • Synthesis of average abstinence rates from available prospective studies.

Main Results:

  • Cessation rates in trials vary widely (4%-68%) due to differing methods and follow-up durations.
  • Only one randomized trial included e-cigarettes alongside other cessation aids (nicotine patches).
  • The average combined abstinence rate from prospective studies was 29.1% (6-18 month follow-up).

Conclusions:

  • There is a lack of comparable clinical trials and prospective studies on e-cigarettes for smoking cessation.
  • Inconsistent reporting hinders direct comparison of e-cigarette effectiveness.
  • Larger, well-designed randomized clinical trials are crucial to establish e-cigarettes as a viable smoking-cessation device.