Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor-Producing Gallbladder Cancer

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Gastroenterology
• Hematology

Background:

• Gallbladder cancer is rare, and paraneoplastic syndromes are even rarer.
• Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is crucial for neutrophil production.
• Elevated G-CSF can cause leukocytosis and mimic infection.

Observation:

• A middle-aged female presented with fever and leukocytosis.
• Preoperative analysis revealed elevated C-reactive protein and G-CSF.
• Imaging identified a gallbladder tumor.

Findings:

• Histopathology confirmed Stage IIIB undifferentiated carcinoma with spindle/giant cells and papillary adenocarcinoma.
• Immunohistochemistry confirmed G-CSF production by the tumor.
• Surgical resection (S4a+S5 liver resection, lymph node dissection, partial duodenectomy) was performed.

Implications:

• Successful surgical and chemotherapeutic management of a G-CSF-producing gallbladder cancer.
• Postoperative normalization of leukocyte and G-CSF levels confirmed the tumor as the source.
• Demonstrates the potential for paraneoplastic syndromes in gallbladder malignancies.