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Related Concept Videos

The Vestibular System01:29

The Vestibular System

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The vestibular system is a set of inner ear structures that provide a sense of balance and spatial orientation. This system is comprised of structures within the labyrinth of the inner ear, including the cochlea and two otolith organs—the utricle and saccule. The labyrinth also contains three semicircular canals—superior, posterior, and horizontal—that are oriented on different planes.
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Motor Unit Stimulation01:20

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When the neuron of a motor unit fires an action potential, it triggers a series of events, leading to a twitch contraction in the muscle fibers. The process of excitation-contraction coupling is crucial in relaying the action potential to the muscle fibers.
The latent period of contraction marks the onset of excitation-contraction coupling, when the action potential propagates across the sarcolemma, preparing the muscle fibers for contraction. As the fibers enter the contraction phase, the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Stochastic Noise Application for the Assessment of Medial Vestibular Nucleus Neuron Sensitivity In Vitro
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Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Using Time-Varying Caloric Vestibular Stimulation.

Robert D Black1, Lesco L Rogers1, Kristen K Ade1

  • 1Scion NeuroStim, LLC Raleigh NC 27613 USA.

IEEE Journal of Translational Engineering in Health and Medicine
|October 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary

A new solid-state Caloric Vestibular Stimulation (CVS) device offers potential for non-invasive neuromodulation. This device enables safe, long-term home use for treating conditions like episodic migraine.

Keywords:
Caloric vestibular stimulationbrainstemcerebral blood flowmigraineneuromodulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Devices
  • Neuromodulation

Background:

  • Caloric Vestibular Stimulation (CVS) is used for diagnosing balance disorders and assessing brainstem function.
  • Existing CVS devices have limitations for therapeutic applications and home use due to short durations and reliance on water/air.
  • Previous research suggests therapeutic potential for CVS, but device limitations have hindered its application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel solid-state CVS device for therapeutic neuromodulation.
  • To investigate the physiological effects of time-varying thermal waveforms in CVS.
  • To assess the feasibility and safety of longitudinal home-based CVS for episodic migraine treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a programmable, solid-state CVS device with safety features.
  • Administration of CVS with time-varying and constant temperature waveforms.
  • Measurement of cerebral blood flow changes to assess neuromodulation.
  • Pilot study involving longitudinal home use of the device for episodic migraine.

Main Results:

  • Time-varying CVS waveforms induced changes in cerebral blood flow, suggesting brainstem neuromodulation.
  • Constant temperature waveforms did not elicit similar physiological changes.
  • The solid-state CVS device was demonstrated to be safe and feasible for home use in a pilot study for episodic migraine.
  • The device allows for controlled thermal waveforms and prevents extreme temperatures.

Conclusions:

  • Solid-state CVS with time-varying thermal waveforms can modulate brainstem centers.
  • This novel device offers a viable platform for non-invasive neuromodulation.
  • The device shows promise for safe and effective longitudinal home treatment of episodic migraine.