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Internally coupled ears: mathematical structures and mechanisms underlying ICE.

Anupam P Vedurmudi1, Bruce A Young2, J Leo van Hemmen3

  • 1Physik Department T35 and BCCN-Munich, Technische Universität München, 85747, Garching bei München, Germany.

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|October 26, 2016
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Summary

Internally coupled ears (ICE) use skull passages to create directional sound cues via eardrum vibrations. Mathematical analysis reveals how ear geometry and eardrum properties influence these unique amplitude and temporal cues for sound localization.

Keywords:
Acoustic couplingBioacousticsFundamental frequencyInternally coupled earsSound localizationTympanic vibrations

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Area of Science:

  • Acoustics
  • Bioacoustics
  • Auditory Neuroscience

Background:

  • Internally coupled ears (ICE) feature eardrums connected by air-filled skull passages.
  • Eardrum displacement in one ear generates pressure waves affecting the other, creating unique sound localization cues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To mathematically analyze the mechanisms of sound localization in internally coupled ears.
  • To derive expressions for eardrum vibrations and internal pressure waves in ICE.
  • To investigate the influence of system geometry and eardrum properties on auditory cues.

Main Methods:

  • Mathematical analysis of eardrum membranes, skull passages, and pressure wave propagation.
  • Derivation of analytical expressions for eardrum vibrations and internal pressures.
  • Review of the underlying mathematical theory of hearing in ICE.

Main Results:

  • ICE generate directionally dependent amplitude and temporal cues for sound localization.
  • The interaural cavity geometry and eardrum elasticity significantly influence internal coupling.
  • Tympanic fundamental frequency divides low-frequency (time magnification) and high-frequency (amplitude magnification) domains.

Conclusions:

  • Mathematical models explain how ICE produce highly directional hearing cues.
  • The physical properties of internal coupling dictate frequency-dependent auditory cue generation.
  • A method is presented to estimate eardrum fundamental frequency and damping in live animals using physical coupling properties.