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Related Concept Videos

Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
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What is a Nervous System?01:25

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Organization of the Nervous System01:13

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The nervous system is one of the most complex systems in our body. It is organized into two main divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The CNS, comprising the brain and spinal cord, houses billions of neurons. The brain is housed in the skull, while the spinal cord is linked to the brain through the foramen magnum of the occipital bone and is surrounded by the protective structure of the vertebral column. It is responsible for processing various...
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Nervous System01:21

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The nervous system coordinates body functions through its complex network of nerve cells, enabling sensation and movement. It is divided into two primary parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. The brain acts as the body's control center, processing sensory information and coordinating responses. The spinal cord functions as a major signaling pathway for the brain and the rest of the body.
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Functional Divisions of the Nervous System01:23

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The nervous system, responsible for sensing, integrating, and responding to various stimuli, is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The PNS has two functional divisions: the sensory or afferent division and the motor or efferent division.
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Functions of the Nervous System01:18

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The nervous system is responsible for coordinating and regulating the body's functions. It functions through three main processes: sensory, integrative, and motor processes. Sensory function involves the detection and transmission of information about internal and external stimuli from sensory receptors to the CNS. The CNS processes this information through an integrative function, where it interprets and makes decisions based on the incoming sensory information. Finally, the motor function...
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Labeling of Single Cells in the Central Nervous System of Drosophila melanogaster
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Evolving understanding of nervous system evolution.

Jeremy E Niven1, Lars Chittka2

  • 1School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK.

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This special issue explores the fascinating evolution of nervous systems. Discover key insights into how nervous systems developed and diversified across species.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Comparative Anatomy

Background:

  • The evolution of nervous systems is a complex and multifaceted field.
  • Understanding the development of nervous systems provides insights into animal behavior and cognition.

Discussion:

  • This special issue delves into the diverse evolutionary pathways of nervous systems.
  • It highlights the adaptive significance of neural complexity across different taxa.

Key Insights:

  • Nervous system evolution is driven by selective pressures related to environmental challenges and social interactions.
  • Convergent evolution has led to similar neural structures in distantly related species.

Outlook:

  • Future research will focus on the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying neural evolution.
  • Investigating the link between neural complexity and cognitive abilities remains a key frontier.