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Spotted hyaena space use in relation to human infrastructure inside a protected area.

Lydia E Belton1, Elissa Z Cameron2, Fredrik Dalerum3

  • 1Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria , Pretoria , South Africa.

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|October 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Spotted hyaenas in Kruger National Park adjusted their space use around human infrastructure, preferring less modified village areas at night. This indicates human activity indirectly influences carnivore behavior through habitat changes.

Keywords:
AfricaAnthropogenic effectsCarnivoraCarnivoreCrocuta crocuttaHabitat selectionHome rangeHyaenidaeResource dispersion

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Wildlife Biology
  • Conservation Science

Background:

  • Human population growth intensifies human-carnivore conflict.
  • Some carnivore populations adapt to urban environments, influencing their ecology and behavior.
  • Urbanization within protected areas impacts wildlife, not just in unprotected zones.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between human infrastructure and spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta) space use in Kruger National Park.
  • To understand how human activity influences the spatial ecology of spotted hyaenas within a protected area.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed home range size in relation to proximity to human infrastructure.
  • Analyzed space use patterns (day vs. night) within home ranges containing human settlements.
  • Compared habitat preferences and avoidance within village areas.

Main Results:

  • Spotted hyaena clans near human infrastructure exhibited smaller home ranges.
  • Nighttime space use was less even in areas with human infrastructure, with a preference for less modified village zones.
  • During the day, spotted hyaenas avoided most habitats within villages except for unmodified areas.

Conclusions:

  • Human infrastructure and activity significantly influence spotted hyaena space use, likely via altered food distribution.
  • Habitat modification creating favorable hunting grounds may be a key indirect effect, rather than direct access to human food.
  • Further research is crucial to quantify human presence impacts on large carnivores and ecosystem processes within protected areas.