Finite element method simulation of bone resorption beneath a complete denture

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Biomechanics
• Dental Prosthetics

Background:

• Bone resorption beneath maxillary complete dentures is a common clinical issue.
• Understanding the mechanical factors influencing bone loss is critical for improving denture design and patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To simulate bone resorption under a maxillary complete denture using the finite element method.
• To investigate the influence of occlusal load position and force direction on bone resorption patterns.
• To evaluate the effect of denture rebasing on bone resorption.

Main Methods:

• Finite element analysis was employed to simulate mechanical stresses on alveolar bone.
• A threshold of compressive strain was assumed to initiate bone resorption.
• Simulations involved applying forces of 100 N occlusally and 20 N facially at different load points.

Main Results:

• Simulated bone resorption initiated on facial and occlusal surfaces, progressing palatally.
• Increased resorption was observed with facial load points and facial force application.
• Denture rebasing accentuated resorption with facial load points but had minimal effect with palatal load points.

Conclusions:

• Simulated bone resorption patterns align with clinical observations, suggesting a link to compressive strains in alveolar bone.
• Occlusal adjustments to achieve palatal load points and balanced occlusion are vital.
• These adjustments are particularly important after denture rebasing to mitigate bone loss.